722u 
caused giddiness, fainting, and convulsive 
movements. The patient loses sight and hear- 
ing of the right side, experiences acute pain 
in the course of the dorsal spine, and tingling 
in the testes, which in fifteen days were reduced 
to the size of a bean. The patient dies of 
tetanus, with loss of the functions of sight, 
hearing, and generation.* On dissection there 
was great loss of substance at the occiput, the 
medulla ata and upper part of the spinal 
cord were of dull white, of firmer consistence, 
and reduced in size one-fourth. The nerves 
arising from these parts were likewise wasted. 
c. A chasseur received a sabre cut, which di- 
vided the skin and external protuberance of the 
occipital bone, and the extensor muscles of the 
head as low down as the sixth vertebra. This 
man gets well, but Larrey states that he de- 
clares “ that he has been deprived of his gene- 
rative powers ever since that wound.” 4. Gall 
caused rabbits to be castrated, some on the 
right side and others on the left. Having had 
them killed six or eight months afterwards, he 
finds diminution of the cerebellar lobe eo 
site the removed testicle, and flattening of the 
corresponding occipital swelling. Vimont, 
however, found no diminution of the o ite 
fobe of the cerebellum im four rabbits on which 
castration had been effected on one side, and 
which had been kept eight months; but in 
four other rabbits, similarly treated, but kept 
eighteen months, a very grape diminution 
in the opposite lobe of the cerebellum was 
found.+ 
The results of mutilation of the generative 
organs, as obtained by the researches of M. 
Leuret, are far from being favourable to Gall’s 
theory. M. Leuret took the weight of the 
cerebellum both absolutely, and, as compared 
with that of the cerebrum, in ten stallions, 
twelve mares, and twenty-one geldings. The 
following table shows the results of the abso- 
lute weights, 
Average. Highest. Lowest. 
Stallions., 61 .. 65 .. 56 
Maresics 9 61" 45, | 06 ge 58 
Geldingi.g 70" <a Woes. ! Bh 
Thus the remarkable result is obtained, that 
castration tends to augment the weight of the 
cerebellum, and not to reduce it, as Gall and 
his followers atfirm. 
What is further very remarkable in these re- 
searches is that the cerebrum in geldings is on 
the average less in weight than that in stallions; 
and the fact gives great confirmation to the 
results of weighing the cerebella, rendering it 
in the highest degree improbable that the excess 
of weight in the cerebellum was accidental. 
The general expression of the facts obtained 
by Leuret is this, that in horses, mutilated as 
regards the principal generative organs, the 
cerebellum is heavier than in horses and mares 
not mutilated in the generative organ; and he 
compared twenty-one of the former with twenty- 
two of the latter. 
* I apprehend the loss of the generative function 
is not uncommon in tetanus! 
¢t Quoted from Mr. Noble on the brain. 
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 
these observations with those above 
Mr. Noble, a most ardent 
think most u judiced 
of ob- 
Com 
observations were conducted, and in their free+ 
dom from sources of , the researches of 
M. Leuret have greatly advantage over 
those upon which Gall rests his conclusion. — 
Yet Mr. Noble, while he itati 
those of sane men and women, a very slight 
advantage existed in favour of the former; and, — 
thirdly, because the author of the observations is 
an opponent of phrenology. ia 
I must say, however, upon this point, that, 
while 1 do not reckon myself among the op- 
ponents to phrenology, but rather among those — 
who are anxiously looking for and ane ea 
romoting a truly scientific phrenology,* I can- 
oo but regard the facts brought forward b 
M. cmerigsts of the po sdebrcaaal - 
portance, not to ected by an 
arguments as those of Mr. Noble; nor ne 
to be met at all, save by similar weighi in 
the same, or still better, in double the nw ; 
of animals. r 
The last point to be noticed with reg 
Gall’s theory of the office of the cerebe' 
i= 
um 
that it certainly derives no support from f 
logical observations. The Je cases quote 
by Gall, in which the injury in the neig 
hood of the cerebellum seemed to affect se 
instinct are far from being conclusive, for the 
might apply equally, if it were assumed th 
the seat of the instinct were in the posters 
lobes of the cerebrum, in the medulla 
longata, or in the spinal cord. Indeed Baro 
Larrey’s second case is much more favou 
to the localization of the generative im pulse 
the centre of emotions, than in the eerebellu 
For the latter organ was free from disea 
whilst the medulla oblongata was indural 
And, further, the assumed connection bety 
* The following passage from Dr, Holland’s ¥ 
able ‘* Medical Notes and Reflections ” ex; 
so well the true position of phrenology, that I 
glad to quote it as an excellent ona f 
own creed relative to this point. ‘* In the 
state of our knowledge of the brain,” ones 
land, ee ene x 
an impartial view re’ requires, 
the doctrine should e onal altogether, 
that great abatement should be made of it 
sions asasystem. To say the least, it is el 
with what Lord Bacon has called ‘an ¢ 
and peremptory reduction into acts and 
and with the adoption of various cone 
warranted by any sufficient evidence. 
subject thus obscure in all its parts, and 
actual knowledge is still limited yer 
esumptions, there is enough to justify a 
ing kept before us, as one of the ines 
which future observations may apply; not 
as they now are, by the trammels of a p 
arrangement.” P. 517. 
n~ 
er 
te: 
Koss 
