726 
suture of the skull which remain longest un- 
ossified : in ordinary cases, indeed, they do not 
close even in the latest periods of life, This, in 
some measure, distinguishes man from the other 
quadrumana: in the Chimpansé, the nasal 
bone is single; in the Orang, also, it usually 
is so; and in the adult Siamang (whose skull 
approaches nearest in form to that of man) and 
other Gibbons, the nasal bones are always 
united.* But a more distinctive character is 
the treadth and shortness of these bones in 
man, and the elevation of their inner borders, 
on which the projection of the upper part of the 
bridge of the nose depends; a projection in 
which the nose of the lowest negro surpasses 
that of either the Chimpansé or the Siamang. 
The structure of the bones of the nose pre- 
sents little that is peculiar. The thin lamelle of 
the ethmoidal pals, tbe turbinated bones, and 
others of similar structure, receive their mate- 
rials of nutrition entirely from the bloodvessels 
of the Schneiderian membrane. They contain 
no vascular canals within their own substance. 
Their corpuscles and minute canals which pro- 
ceed from them are larger than those of average 
size: the former are very numerous and closely 
set, and the latter ramify in 4ll directions ; 
arrangements which seem to be adapted to the 
combination of the least possible weight with 
the necessary firmness of support. 
Cartilages of the nose.—Of these, one com- 
pletes the septum, and the rest form the skele- 
ton of the lower and lateral portion of the exter- 
nal nose. 
The cartilage of the septum (septum mobile 
nasi) (fig. 400) is the only one immediately 
connected with the bones. It occupies, in ge- 
neral, nearly the middle vertical rae of the 
nose; but, like the osseous septum, it often 
deviates to one or the other side, and has sur- 
faces more or less curved. Its outline varies 
with the general shape of the nose, but is 
usually bounded by three unequally curved 
lines, of which the inferior is the longest, and 
the anterior and superior are of about equal 
length. Its superior border (a, fig. 400) is 
fixed in the whole length of the groove which 
usually exists in the lower margin of the per- 
pendicular plate of the ethmoid bone: it is 
directed very obliquely backwards and down- 
wards, and at its posterior extremity is conti- 
Fig. 400. 
Cartilage of the septum nasi. 
1, lateral ; 2, anterior view. 
* G. Vrolik, Recherches d’Anatomie Comparée 
sur le Chimpansé, p. 4, 
NOSE. 
- are closely attached by fibro-cellular 
The cartilages of the ala of the nose in site. 
nued with a curve into the lower border (b/ 
which a part fits in the same manner it 
anterior margin of the vomer, while the ren 
der projects straightforwards in front o 
anterior nasal spine, and forms the base 
middle part of the columna (sous-cloison 
partition between the apertures of the no: 
Anteriorly, this lower border of the 
ginous septum is continued with a curve ¥ 
lies at the apex of the nose, into the an 
border (¢). This last lies immediately 
neath the skin, and, becoming gradually | 
er, is continued upwards to the junction 
nasal bones, where the cartilage (at « 
thicker than at any other part. yy 
Of the lateral cartilages, two on eac 
are regularly found. The upper pair, (¢ 
401,) which are named superior, lateral 
triangular cartilages, have each in ge 
form of a triangle with its angles roun 
In front they are continuous, or very 
connected with the upper half of the 
edge of the cartilage of the septum;* | 
of them projects a little beyond it, s 
lies in a kind of groove between then 
sometimes, each is prolonged downw: 
free sharp process by its side. Behl 
ae 
the rough part of the free margins of 
and superior maxillary bones. Be 
margins are connected with the cart 
neath them (6, fig. 401) by a toug 
and pliant fibrous membrane, in wh 
small oval portions of cartilage are 
arranged in a row. ; 
The inferior cartilages (fig. 402, @ 
401) are also called pinnal cartilage 
lages of the ala, because they fo 
the more freely moveable lateral 
* Hence Winslow, Bichat, and sor 
have described these as forming one nasa 
with the septum, and have divided th 
cartilages into anterior and posterior porth 
_ 
~ 
~ $ 
hen 4 
