738 NOSE. | 
correspondence between their respective degrees acne, in which all the d textures rto 
of Getlopenieck, This is soodewed by the be confused in one hard brawny su . 
cases of the monsters in which the eyes are 
completely absent, but the orbits are naturally 
placed and the nose is well formed; and by 
those others already mentioned, in which the 
nose is absent, but the eyes and orbits are 
natural and almost naturally placed. From all 
these, and from the constancy of the deformity 
of the nose when the orbits are united, it may 
be deduced that the eye and the nose are deve- 
loped independently, except in regard to their 
position, and that the displacement of the nose, 
which constitutes one of the chief features of 
the Cyclopian monsters, is generally the con- 
sequence of the orbits having taken up the 
place of the nasal cavities. 1t cannot be said 
that the displacement of the orbits is the only 
cause of that of the nose, because there are a 
few cases in which the nose occupied the 
Cyclops position, though the orbits had their 
natural place; and one case in which the orbits 
and eyes were absent, and yet the nose was 
elongated like a proboscis and set high upon 
the forehead. But these do not invalidate the 
truth of the general deduction already drawn. 
The displacement of the nose is thus ex- 
plained with much probability by the precedent 
displacement of the orbits, and the latter is 
probably due to an arrest in the develope- 
ment of the eyes. But the cause of the 
— deformity of the nose is very obscure. 
ere is generally some degree of relation be- 
tween the approach to completeness of the nose 
and that of the brain and its nerves, and es 
cially of the anterior lobes and the olfactory 
nerves : yet these nerves are sometimes present 
when the nose is most deformed, and when it 
has neither ethmoid bone nor cavity, nor even 
any osseous nucleus ; and in other cases they 
are absent when there is a distinct though mis- 
shapen external nose. Tiedemann’s suppo- 
sition, therefore, that these, like other malforma- 
tions of organs, depend on a precedent defect 
in the corresponding nerves or parts of the ner- 
vous centres, cannot be maintained. 
Diseases of the nose—These are so far gene- 
Her similar to those of the similar tissues in 
other parts that some of their peculiarities on! 
need be mentioned here. " $ 
The skin of the nose is perhaps more than 
any other part of the face subject to the erup- 
tions of acne, &c. And these acquire a some- 
what peculiar character from the small vessels 
of the nose being so liable to distension. In 
the common red nose, all the small veins are 
usually dilated and in a measure varicose; and 
even in healthy persons the circulation through 
the skin of the nose is carried on with com- 
ratively little force, if we may judge by the 
fequene with which it is partially arrested by 
cold. is dilatation of the vessels and con- 
sequent slowness of circulation not only render 
the diseases of the nose peculiarly obstinate, 
but permit them to produce changes of structure 
which are very rarely found among their defects 
in other parts. Such is the tuberculated indu- 
ration and thickening with deep red or livid 
congestion of the skin after long-continued 
When this state continues very long and the 
congestion somewhat abates, the thickened — 
tissues remain, and sometimes grow into a kind 
of pendulous tumour from the end of the nose. — 
Such tumours, (which, however, may form with 
little precedent acne,) are usually three-lobed, 
one portion seeming to correspond to the end, 
and one to the fore of each of the ale, of 
the nose. One which I dissected was com- 
posed throughout of a compact, white, fibro- 
cellular tissue, like that of which the pendulous 
tumours consist which grow from other parts o 
the skin, and especially from the female k 
It seemed very little vascular,* and the h 
follicles and sebaceous glands were enormously 
enlarged. Some of the latter measured not les} 
than a line ip width, and their ducts, 
opened at the bottoms of deep fosse, admitt 
full-sized bristles. The same enlargement 
these organs takes place in certain large growt 
of the skin of the scrotum, a 
The position of the cavities of the 
been an effectual hindrance to the examinatio! 
of the changes of structure produced by the 
ordinary diseases. Nothing is known of | 
State brought on by repeated colds. While the 
continue, the mucous membrane is gorged wil 
blood, swollen, and red, so as to close, with t 
assistance of the increased secretion of mueu 
the passage to the pharynx. Probably 
mucous membrane is in time cond l a 
thickened ; and from this it may result that 
looking over a number of sections of heads, | 
Schneiderian membrane is found by no me 
uniform in its thickness, consistence, or vas 
larity even on corresponding _ 
M. Mareschal+ has lately stated that, in 
examination of eight persons who had had 
taxis shortly before their deaths, he found i 
a circumscribed portion of the membrane wh 
was very congested, and dark red or livid. 
two of them this congested part was situa 
anteriorly, near the junction of the septum a 
the floor of the nostrils; in the others p 
riorly on the fold of mucous membrane ai 
lower border of the inferior turbinated bo 
Simple abscesses sometimes occur benea 
mucous membrane of the nose, especially 
injuries ; and after passing through an ore 
course leave their usual effects in thické 
induration, and unnatural adhesion of th 
trized tissues. ol 
A thickening of the mucous 1 a 
ting polypus has been already mention 
curs especially in scrofulous children and 3 
persons, and presents the same characters 
its duration and progress, which are obser 
the other chronic inflammations to wh 
are subject, and with one or more of wh 
commonly associated. This spongy thi¢ 
“> 
« 
‘te 
~ 
* Sir W. Blizard lost a patient h 
rhage after the removal of a tumour of th 
from the nose ; but it is possible that this 
have been owing to something wrong in the, 
state of the patient, for ennai li blood is” 
in such operations. ot all 
+ Annales de Chirurgie, Janvier, 1843. 
