ORGANIC ANALYSIS. 
22.3 grs. out of 30.6, shewing the quantity of 
sugar to have amounted to. only 8.3 grs., instead 
of about 24.5 grs. The foregoing experiment 
shews the impossibility of obtaining an accurate 
result if the solution be evaporated in air even at 
temperatures considerably below 200°. Diabetic 
sugar, in fact, loses by this treatment 5 equiva- 
lents of water, and becomes converted into a spe- 
cies of caramel, insusceptible of fermentation. 
To proceed, however, with the analysis: 
The salts were found by incineration to 
amount to 3.09 per 1000 parts of urine. 
To determine the quantity of sugar, 250 grs. 
of the secretion were mixed with yeast and 
placed in a tall graduated jar capable of con- 
taining 25 cubic inches; filled with mercury, 
_ and inverted in a basin holding that metal, 
The barometer stood at 30.33 
The thermometer ............ fork, 
Air in the jar, which accidentally entered 
during the act of inversion 1.00 cub. in. 
Quantity of fluid........... 1.45 cub. in. 
Exterior level of the mercury 12.33 inches 
below the interior level. 
Tn three days fermentation was complete. 
The barometer then stood at.... 30.34 
The thermometer..... Aviat kalels 80° 
Exterior level of the mercury 1.14 below 
that of the interior. 
The quantity of gas amounted to 19.3 cub.in. 
» adding the bulk of the fluid... 1.45 
We obtain total gas.......... 
Correcting for pressure we obtain 
30 : 30.34 — 1.14 : : 20.75: x (= 20.1828) 
Correcting this again for the temperature, 
528 : 508 : : 20.1828 : x (= 19.41) 
Subjecting the air which was in the jar at 
he commencement of the experiment to. the 
same corrections, in order to deduct, we ob- 
_ For the temperature 
D205. 508.2: 1 : « (=0.9769) 
_ For the pressure , 
30 : 30.33—12.33 :: 0.9769 : x (= 0.586) 
-19.41—0.58 = 18.83 corrected volume 
of carbonic acid. 
Now 100 : 18.83 :: 106.6: x (= 20.072) 
i total number of grs. of sugar in 
F 250 grs. of urine, and 
» 250 : 1000 : : 20.072 : x (= 80.29) sugar. 
The urea was found by a separate analysis ; 
00 grs. were evaporated in vacuo, the residue 
feated with hot absolute alcohol (f.3f3). It 
as allowed to cool in order to deposit part of 
@ sugar, then decanted; this was repeated 
ree or four times. ~The alcoholic solutions 
are evaporated to dryness, re-dissolved in 
ater, and treated with oxalic acid and sub- 
uently with chalk, observing the precautions 
ady enumerated: 1.06 grs. of prismatic 
edles of nearly pure urea were obtained. 
» 500 : 1000 : : 1.06 : « (= 2.12) urea. 
As a comparative experiment 500 grs. were 
aporated by the water-bath and nitric acid 
bstituted for the oxalic; only traces of crystals 
nitrate of urea were thus obtained; a con- 
809 
clusive proof of the superior delicacy of the 
first method. 
The syrupy residue after exhaustion with ab- 
solute alcohol was ith rectified spirit 
as long as any thing dissolved: 2.15 grs. of 
saline matters, uric acid, mucus, and matters 
soluble in water only were left. Hydrochloric 
acid left only 0.04 of uric acid and mucus. 
500 : 1000 : : 0.04 : # (= 0.08) uric acid, 
c 
The acid solution evaporated to dryness and 
incinerated, gave 0.69 grs. 
500 : 1000: : 0°69 : x (= 1.38) salts inso- 
luble in alcohol. 
2.15 — (0.04 + 0.69) = 1.42. 
500 : 1000: : 1.42 : x (= 2.84) watery ex- 
tract. 
By calculation, as in the previous analysis, 
the alcoholic extract is 15.98 grs. 
The composition of the urine is thus deter- 
mined to be 
Water. cree QL: 895.60 
Fined salts: 0. ccce5.c 3 OR 3.09 
: Sugar ....%. 80.29 
Organic r Urea Vay oe fe 2.12 
Pastore 101.31 , Alcoholic extr. 15.98 
Eloshtte ( Watery extract 2.84 
i Uricacid& muc. 0.08 
1000.00 
Where albumen occurs in the urine, we por- 
ceed as in the following instance. 
The fluid was rather turbid, feebly alkaline, 
and of sp. gr. 1013.1. It was found to 
contain 30.2 per 1000 of solid matter, of 
which 9.17 were salts and 21.03 organic vo- 
latile matters. 
500 grs. evaporated to dryness, and the 
residue finely powdered, taking care that none 
of the particles were lost (by placing the 
mortar on a large sheet of paper, and co- 
vering the mouth of it likewise with paper). 
It was treated with boiling water and washed 
as long as any thing dissolved. The insoluble 
portion collectéd on a filter, dried and weighed, 
amounted to 3.1 grs. 
500 : 1000 : : 3.1 : # (= 6.2) albumen, with 
traces of uric acid. 
The filtered liquid was evaporated to dry- 
ness, and treated with alcohol and nitric acid 
for urea in the usual manner: the urea per 
1000 = 4.72 grs. 
The other ingredients were determined as 
usual and furnished the following results. 
Water vad ouete ls. catia is cd's 969.80 
Saline matters .......... wetter 9.17 
Albumen and ’ 
O : { uric acid .. § 6.20 
rganic r] 1 U P 
matters § 21.03 TOR: 6.55 clolee 4.72 
Alcoholic extract 8.43 
Watery extract. . 1.68 
1000.00 
2. Analysis of the blood. 
Unless. present when the blood is drawn, we 
are obliged to proceed as in the following 
