ORGANIC ANALYSIS. 
~ 1000 : 887.06 : : 0.46 : (= 0.408) crys- 
talline fat. 
1000 parts of this blood therefore consist of 
Water Ce ee 2 804.164 
teed SONS oss en's ceecesesios 7.388 
(Red particles .. 109.988 
Albumen ...... 72.716 
: Fibrin ..... ses, 2-908 
agen 1 ne Alcoholic extract 1.685 
Fane Watery extract... 0.428 
Oily fat....-... 0.253 
| Crystalline fat .. 0.408 
999.992 
3. Analysis of milk. 
Occasionally we may have to aka an 
analysis of milk: we may proceed as in the 
following instance. 
The milk was rather thin, watery in appear- 
ance, and had a sp. gr. of 1031. It was ob- 
tained from a woman aged 25, three weeks 
after the birth of her fourth child. 
(a) 100 grs. evaporated to dryness left 
11.49 grs. of solid matter. 
100 : 1000 : 11.49 : «(= 114.9) solids 
per 1000. 
1000 — 114.9 = 885.1 water per 1000. 
(6) On incinerating the residue, an alkaline 
ash was left amounting to 0.24 grs. = salts 
2.4 per 1000. 
(c) 158 grs. of the milk were mixed with a 
few drops of acetic acid and evaporated to dry- 
ness, and digested repeatedly in ether (the 
_ ether was first allowed to macerate upon the 
residue unpowdered. It was decanted and 
the greater part of the fat thus removed; the 
residue was completely dried, powdered, and 
again subjected to three or four digestions with 
ether. All the ethereal solutions were then 
| evaporated.) The fatty matter amounted to 
| 4.61 grs. 
158 : 1000 :: 4.61 : x (= 29.13) butter 
er 1000. : 
__ (@) The portion insoluble in ether was di- 
_ gested in dilute alcohol (sp. gr. 920) as long 
as any thing dissolved. The solution on eva- 
_ poration yielded a yellowish granular mass, 
_ consisting of milk sugar, and a little extractive 
_ perfectly free from casein. 
158 : 1000 :: 9.7: «(= 61.39) sugar of 
milk per 1000. 
€) The insoluble residue consisted almost 
entirely of casein, with a small quantity of sa- 
line matter. Calculating by the deficiency, 
(as, owing to an accident, it was not weighed,) it 
amounted to 3.85 grs. 
158 : 1000 :: 3.85 : «(= 24.37) casein 
per 1000. 
~ The results of the analysis may be summed 
up as follows :— 
IS a6 evere «0 PLR RIO Cie devs 885.1 
Bison? Fatty matter 29.13 
nae ety Sige and alco- 
Sali a5. holic extract. . t 61.39 
ine residue, . 
2.4 Casein and bak 24.38 
‘iti tery extract .. 5 
1000.00 
_ matter : it amounted to 9.7 grs. and appeared « 
811 
The proportion of “ extractive matter” in 
milk varies, but I am not aware of any ready 
method of determining its quantity, apart from 
that of the sugar casein. If we attempt 
to digest casein in water, it swells up and partly 
dissolves, becomes gelatinous, and does not 
allow the fluid to pass through the pores of the 
filter. Ifa cold saturated solution of sugar of 
milk in proof spirit, (sp. gr. 920,) be allowed 
to digest for a few days in a closed flask upon 
the spirituous extract (d), the liquid assumes a 
yellow colour from dissolved extract, and the 
sugar is left in white crystalline grains, but this 
can hardly be used as a process for analysis. 
4. Analysis of bile. 
Our methods for analysing this complicated 
and important secretion are very inadequate. 
Still, such as they are, I have endeavoured to 
illustrate them by the following example :— 
The bile analysed was obtained from a man 
wt. 75, who died of gangrena senilis, The 
gall-bladder was removed entire, and the bile 
examined 48 hours after death. 
It was a brownish, turbid, scarcely ropy 
fluid, of sp. gr. 1024, and amounted to about 
240 grs. 
(a) 65.16 grs. evaporated to dryness left 
4.83 grs. This residue on incineration left 
0.75 grs. of saline matter. 
65,16 : 1000: : 0.75 : a (= 11.51) salts per 
1000. 
4.83 — 0.75 = 4.08 and 
65.16 : 1000: : 4.08 : 7 (= 62.61) organic 
matter per 1000. 
Therefore 1000 —(11.51 + 62.61) = 925.88 
water per 1000. 
(6) 171.2 grs. mingled with thrice its bulk 
of alcohol, and filtered, left a yellowish ropy 
residue of mucus, which, when well washed 
with alcohol and dried, amounted to 5.1 grs. _ 
171.2 : 1000 :: 5.1: 4 (= 29.78) mucus 
per 1000.* 
(c) The filtered liquid was evaporated nearly 
to dryness and mingled with ether. A bright 
yellow solution was obtained ; it was decanted, 
and the residue repeatedly digested with ether. 
The mixed ethereal solutions, on evaporation, 
left 2.8 grs., of which 0.6 grs. was soluble in 
water (being biliary matter). 
2.8 — 0.6 = 2.2 ethereal extract. 
(d) The ethereal extract was treated with a 
weak solution of ammonia; a brown liquid was 
obtained, and a white crystalline residue of 
cholesterin was left, amounting to 0.31 grs. 
171.2 : 1000 :: 0.31 : # (= 1.81) choles- 
terin per 1000 
2.2— 0.31 = 1.89. ~ 
171.2 : 1000: : 1.89 : 2. (= 11.04) uncom- 
bined fatty and resinous acids per 1000. 
(e) The residue insoluble in ether was treated 
repeatedly with hot alcohol. It left undis- 
solved a remainder, which when dry amounted 
to 2.92 grs. 
171.2: 1000 :: 2.92 : (= 17.05) watery 
extract. 
* The proportion of matter insoluble in alcohol 
in this instance was very great, probably it con- 
tained something besides ordinary mucus; but 
circumstances prevented my examining it more 
minutely. 
