812 
(f) An attempt was made to separate the 
colouring matter from the alcoholic extract by 
baryta water, and to obtain it free from baryta 
by solution in carbonate of ammonia, but it 
did not succeed; indeed I have never been 
able by this or any other process to separate the 
colouring matter ta the other ingredients of 
the bile with sufficient accuracy to warrant its 
adoption for analytical purposes. 
(g) The quantity of alcoholic extract was in 
this case from the experiment with the baryta 
necessarily inferred from the deficiency. 
Since 1000 grs. contain 74.12 of solid mat- 
ters, 171.2 grs. will contain 12.69; we must, 
therefore, deduct the ethereal and watery ex- 
tract, and mucus :— 
(2.2 + 2.92 + 5.1) = 10.22 grs. 
12.69 — 10.22 = 2.47. Biliary and co- 
louring matter :— 
171.2 : 1000: : 2.47: « (= 14.37) biliary 
matter per 1000. 
The specimen of bile thus examined, there- 
fore, furnishes the following results :— 
Water 
MECCOB Gi iccceas 29.78 
: Biliary and co- 2 
Oren footie, louring matter § 14.37 
asescey Resinous and 
er a fatty acids ..§ nt OF 
thes Cholesterin ...... 1.81 
Watery extract.... 
999.93 
M. Pettenkofer has recently proposed the 
change of colour produced by the action of 
sulphuric acid and sugar upon bile as a test of 
its presence. Having freed the liquid sus- 
pected to contain it from albumen by eva 
rating to dryness and exhausting the residue 
by boiling water, the solution is concentrated 
by evaporation, and when cold mingled with 
about one-third of its bulk of oil of vitriol, 
so as to raise the temperature of the mixture 
from 150° to 160° of Fahrenheit, but not higher. 
A few grains of sugar are now added to the 
liquid, and the whole suffered to stand fora 
few minutes. If bile be present a beautiful 
crimson colour is developed, increasing in in- 
tensity for some minutes. The tint is un- 
equivocal provided the solution contain not less 
than 4, of its weight of dry bile, or J, of the 
recent secretion. This reaction is independent 
of the mucus and colouring matter. 
5. Of the saliva. 
The saliva is not often the object of analysis; 
when it is, it may be proceeded with as in the 
following instance, in which healthy saliva was 
examined. It was obtained several hours after 
taking food. It hada sp. gr. of 1001.5, was 
slightly alkaline, restoring the colour of reddened 
litmus paper ; and was ropy and opalescent. 
(a) 111 grs. evaporated to dryness in a pla- 
tinum capsule and incinerated, left 0.22 grs. 
of ash. 
111 : 1000 : : 0.22 : (= 1.98) saline mat- 
ter per 1000. 
(6) 500 grs. evaporated by a water-bath left 
2.51 grs. 
ORGANIC ANALYSIS. 
500 : 1000: : 2.51 : (= 5.02) total solids, 
5.02 — 1.98 = 3.04 organic matter. 
1000 — 5.02 = 994.98 total quantity of 
) The dry residue wus digested in lial 
c) The residue was in ether; 
ae ethereal solution decanted and evaporated 
left 0.03 grs. of an oily matter with a strong 
peculiar odour. It contained a trace of sulpho 
cyanide of potassium, as was shewn by the re 
colour struck by a very dilute solution of 
quichloride of iron. 
500 : 1000 :: 0.03 : x (= 0.00) , 
odorous matter with traces of sulpho- 
cyanide potassium. 
The residue undissolved by ether 
treated with boiling alcohol; the solution de- 
canted and evaporated left 0.61 of a crystalline 
yellowish deliquescent salt, in which the pn 
sence of sul Sisepanide of ium wa 
proved ; ist, by its striking a blood-red liquit 
with a very dilute solution of sesquichloride ¢ 
iron; and 2ndly, this solution, according 4 
Dr. Percy’s suggestion, was acidulated wi 
hydrochloric acid, and a fragment of zin 
dropped in. Immediate effervescence ensue 
with a strong odour of sulphuretted hydroge 
due to the decomposition of the sulphocyanie 
Its acidulated aqueous solution gave no prec 
pitate with nitrate of baryta; but after a sm 
portion of the alcoholic extract had been ine 
nerated and the residue dissolved in wa 
feebly acidulated with nitrie acid, abunda 
precipitation was manifest on adding a solutic 
of chloride of barium; during incineration t 
sulphocyanide had been decomposed and — 
sulphur, by absorbing oxygen, converted ii 
sulphuric acid. : 
500 : 1000: : 0.61: (= 1.22) alcoh 
extract. 
(e) The residue left undissolved by aleo 
was treated with water and thrown upon 
weighed filter; the insoluble portion amouni 
to 0.68: it consisted of mucus, debris of e 
thelium, &c. _ 
500 : 1000 :: 0.68 : r (= 1.36) mucus, — 
(f) The filtered solution contained trace 
albuminous matter (mucus) held in solution 
the soda. This was precipitated by exact i 
tralization withaceticacid,evaporated to dry 
redissolved, and again filtered. This aqu 
liquid contained the ptyalin, or peculiar; 
vary matter, and a certain proportion of wi 
extract so called. Ptyalin has never yet b 
obtained in a state of purity. It always cc 
chlorides and phosphates mixed with it. Tl 
lution was mixed with twice its bulk of ale 
by which the ptyalin in company with § 
watery extract was precipitated. Its solt 
when redissolved in water, gave precip 
with acetate and triacetate of lead, infusio 
galls, and nitrate of silver, but none wit 
rosive sublimate, sesquichloride of iro 
ferrocyanide of potassium, either alone or 
the addition of acetic acid. Each time i 
evaporated to dryness a small portion rem 
behind in an iooplehal form. Dedueting t 
ethereal and alcoholic extract, and mucus, — 
5.02 — (1.22 + 0.06 +1.36 (e))= 3 
presents the ptyalin and watery ext? 
per 1000. 7 
