912 
the thick and dense dermis of the neighbouring 
of the abdomen and thighs. Its colour 
1s brown, but varies in its d in different 
individuals, being darker in those of a dark 
complexion, and little differing from the skin 
of the rest of the body in persons of an oppo- 
site character. As in other parts of the body, 
it is well provided with sebaceous glands, but 
these are more numerous in that portion which 
invests the under part of the organ than in the 
dorsal region. Near to the free extremity of 
the penis the integument forms an ample fold, 
the fore-skin or prepuce (preputium ), which 
Serves to envelope the glans when the organ 
is in repose, and to increase the investing co- 
vering when it is distended and enlarged. The 
prepuce is connected to the glans on its under 
part by means of a narrow fold termed the 
Jrenum preputii, and is lined by mucous 
membrane. Along the edge of the prepuce 
the mucous membrane is continuous with the 
skin of the penis; at the base of the prepuce 
it is reflected over the glans, and at the summit 
of the latter is continuous with the mucous 
membrane of the urethra through the meatus 
urinarius. Upon the under part of the glans 
the mucous membrane enclosing some fibrous 
tissue constitutes the narrow fold above de- 
scribed, the frenum preputii. At the base 
of the body of the penis, the integument is 
continuous with that of adjoining parts, with 
the skin of the pubes superiorly, and of the 
scrotum laterally and beneath. In this situa- 
tion, moreover, it is altered in its characters ; 
it is thicker in its texture and furnished with 
numerous hairs. The latter differ from the 
hairs of the pubes in taking the direction of 
the axis of the penis, and in being, unlike the 
former, perfectly straight. Along the inferior 
border of the penis the integument presents a 
somewhat prominent line, which is continuous 
with the raphé of the scrotum behind and with 
the freenum of the prepuce in front. This is 
the raphé of the penis, and indicates the mode 
of formation of the urethra, by the conjunction 
of two lateral segments on the middle line. 
The subcutaneous areolar tissue connecting the 
integument to the body of the penis is extremely 
lax, and wholly devoid of adipose formation. 
The laxity of this tissue has the effect of per- 
mitting an enormous increase of size in the 
organ without inconvenience ; thus in the state 
of repose the prepuce usually covers the glans 
either partially or completely, and protects the 
mucous membrane from the attrition of dress ; 
but in the state of erection this duplication is 
wholly effaced, and the integument rendered 
tense over the entire organ. In large hernie 
and in very large tumours of the scrotum again, 
the integument, from its extreme looseness of 
attachment, is withdrawn from the penis, and 
contributes to the investment of the swelling. 
In this way the whole of the integument is 
sometimes distended with the tumour, and the 
penis lies buried in the enlargement ; its situa- 
tion being only distinguishable by means of a 
valvular opening, through which the urine 
trickles. Like all loose cellular tissue which 
PENIS. 
is indisposed to the production of fat, the cel- 
lular tissue of the penis, in a state of inflam- 
mation, is icularly liable to serous in- — 
filtration, which renders the organ swollen — 
and cedematous. | sar <n 
The fascia penis is a thin but deuse layer — 
of white fibrous tissue, which immediately in- 
vests the penis, forming for it a kind of sheath, 
and is continuous with the superficial perineal 
fascia. On the dorsum penis the fascia covers 
in the dorsal vessels and nerves, and is closely — 
connected with the aponeurosis of the erectores — 
penis muscles ; indeed it is rendered tense and 
stretched over the organ by the action of those 
muscles. ine 
The corpus cavernosum forms more than two- 
thirds of the bulk of the penis; it is usually 
described as two distinct bodies under the — 
name of corpora cavernosa, but it is more cor-_ 
rect to consider it as a single organ divided 
posteriorly into two parts, and separated in the 
interior by an imperfect partition. Apart from 
the other components of the penis the corpus 
cavernosum represents a lengthened cylind 
somewhat flattened from above downwards 
and grooved along the middle line both up 
its upper and under surface; the upper groove 
lodging the dorsal vein, arteries and nerves, 
and the under the corpus spongiosum. - 
riorly the corpus cavernosum terminates in an 
oblong and rounded extremity, which is re- 
ceived into a depression on the posterior surfac 
of the glans; and posteriorly it divides into 
two rounded and conical processes, about t 
inches in length, which se e from eac 
other and are firmly in into the ever 
edge of the ramus of the ischium and pubi 
under the name of crura penis. _. 
The corpus cavernosum is closely connectet 
to the glans penis and corpus spongiosum 
dense coulet aatee and ra a few vessels 
communication. Behind and inferiorly it 3 
attached to the rami of the ischia by its ts 
crura; and above it is connected to the syt 
physis pubis by means of a strong fibrous lis 
ment of a triangular form, the ligaments 
suspensorium penis. This ligament is insert 
by one border into the fibrous structure cov: 
ing the symphysis pubis, and by its base 
continuous with the aponeurosis of the erec 
penis muscles and with the fascia penis; 
remaining border being free and directed 
wards. In a few rare instances the ligament 
suspensorium penis has been found to cont 
some muscular fibres. ofl 
The corpus cavernosum is composed ‘ 
cellular structure enclosed in a thick fib 
tunic of great strength. The tunic is 
structed of longitudinal fibres closely im 
woven with each other so as to consti 
tissue which possesses perfect elasticity 
sii freely to distension up to a certain 
ut resists enlargement beyond that limit. 
the interior of this tunic are given off a nun 
of fibrous bands and cords ( trabecule ) whi 
in a radiated direction from the mid 
ine of its inferior wall to the rest of the. 
ternal circumference of the cylinder, to wh 
