914 
Krause,* having recourse to the chemical in- 
vestigation of this substance in man, came to a 
very different conclusion from that of Miiller. 
“* After many hours boiling,” he says, “ the 
fibres of the corpus cavernosum of man are con- 
verted almost wholly into gelatine, whereas, in 
boiling muscular substance, the cellular sub- 
stance alone suffers this change, and the mus- 
cular fibre becomes still more evident. Again, 
if a portion of the boiled internal structure of 
the corpus cavernosum, not as yet reduced to 
jelly, and a portion of muscular fibre boiled for 
an equally long time, be examined with the 
microscope, the difference is more apparent 
than in the fresh condition. A solution of the 
fibrous structure of the corpus cavernosum 
(previously well washed with water) in concen- 
trated acetic acid is not precipitated by ferro- 
cyanate of potash, whereas a similarly treated 
solution of muscular fibre affords an abundant 
white or blueish-white precipitate.” In reply 
to Krause’s analysis, Muiller remarks: “ it will 
be seen that our investigation on the corpus 
cavernosum of the horse gives a precisely op- 
posite result to that of Krause on the same part 
in man; whence it follows, either that Krause 
has examined this peculiar substance mingled 
with other structures, as cellular tissue, &c., or 
that it does not exist in man. Had Krause 
investigated the tissue described by me in the 
penis of the horse, he would undoubtedly have 
met with the same results which I have so 
constantly obtained.” 
Besides the fibres of contractile fibrous tissue 
distributed through the parietes of the venous 
canals, the arteries and nerves of the corpus 
cavernosum also ramify in the intercellular sub- 
stance in their course through the structure of 
the penis. 
€ corpus spongiosum (corpus cavernosum 
urethre) is a lengthened cylindrical body situ- 
ated along the under surface of the corpus 
cavernosum in its inferior groove, and forming 
the inferior border of the penis. It commences 
posteriorly between and beneath the crura of 
the penis by a rounded enlargement, the bulb, 
and terminates at the extremity of the organ in 
the glans penis; the intermediate portion is 
cylindrical in form, and enlarges gradually from 
its middle towards the two extremities, the bulb 
posteriorly and the base of the glans in front. 
The glans penis resembles in form an oblique 
section of a cone, rounded at its apex; it is 
slightly compressed from above downwards, 
and is terminated posteriorly by a prominent 
border, the corona glandis. At the apex of the 
glans is a small vertical slit, the meatus urina- 
rius, which is bounded by two more or less 
protuberant labia, and extending backwards 
along the middle of its under surface is a 
grooved raphé, to which is attached the frenum 
preputii. The colour of the glans penis pre- 
sents a deeper tint of red than that of the 
neighbouring integument, and is invested by 
mucous membrane. At the meatus urinarius 
this membrane is continuous with the mucous 
lining of the urethra, and at the base of the 
* Hecker’s Annalen, February, 1834. 
PENIS. 
glans is reflected on the inner surface of the 
repuce, as far as the free margin of the latter. 
e corona glandis is studded by a number of 
small papillary projections, formed by sebaceous 
glands, the glandule Tysoni ( odorifere ), which 
pour out a whitish, unctuous, and strongly 
scented secretion to lubricate the surface of the 
glans and prepuce. Behind the glans is a 
deep furrow, bounded by the corona in front, 
and posteriorly by the fold of the prepuce. 
Examined with the microscope, the 
of the glans penis is found raised into small 
rounded papillae which cover every part of its 
surface. 
The corpus spongiosum is traversed in the 
direction of its length by the common urino- 
sexual canal, the urethra. At the commence- 
ment of the corpus spongiosum, the urethra 
occupies a groove upon the upper surface of 
the bulb ; further on it enters the substance of 
the body, but lies much nearer to the u 
than the lower surface, while at its termination 
it occupies the lower segment of ‘the glans. 
The corpus g ts gita resembles the co’ 
cavernosum in being composed of a plexiform 
vascular structure enclosed in a dense 
strong fibrous investment, but it differs from 
that body in the smaller size of its venous 
canals, the thinness of its fibrous tunic, and © 
especially in enclosing the canal of the urethra. — 
The vascular structure of the corpus spongio- — 
sum, like that of the corpus cavernosum, con= — 
sists of dilated veins of smaller size than those 
of the latter body, and separated in the same 
manner by membranous parietes. In the glans 
penis the veins are even smaller than in the 
body of the corpus spongiosum, particularly 
near the surface and around the em 
border of the corona glandis. The contractile 
fibrous tissue appears to me to be simila 
distributed between the veins, but is smaller in 
quantity than in the corpus cavernosum. Mayer 
also describes this tissue as existing in the 
parietes of the venous canals of the corpus” 
spongiosum, but Miiller denies its existence it 
that body, and observes, “ in the corpus spon 
giosum, where Mayer also admits this sub 
stance, it is not present, at least it is perfeet 
clear that it does not exist in that body in th 
horse.” The fibrous tunic of the corpus spon 
giosum is continuous at its bulb with the ant 
rior layer of the deep perineal fascia. 
The mucous membrane of the penis is t 
lining of the urethra and the investment of # 
glans and internal surface of the prepuce. — 
the canal of the urethra, near the extremity 
the organ, it is of a deep pink colour, and t 
comes gradually paler as it approaches 
bladder. By the contraction of the coats of 
urethra it is thrown into longitudinal fo 
and it is furnished with numerous small lacu 
which are especially numerous along the 
surface of the cylinder. The openings of th 
lacunz are directed forwards, and are caleu: 
lated to afford an impediment to the passage 
any small instrument into the bladder 
ing its point. One lacuna of larger size th 
the rest is situated in the upper wall of t 
urethra, at about an inch and a half from @ 
~ ae 
