1016 ANALYTICAL INDEX. 
Liver (continued). 
Lin tinued) . 
( Dr. Prout’s definition, 146 
111, Nature and causes of vital action, 146 
all changes the results of the properties of matter 
called into exercise by appropriate stimuli, 140 
functions groups of vital phenomena, 146 
sepennence of vital actions upon external sti- 
muli, 147 
every class of organs is excited to action by its 
particular stimuli, 147 
conditions of a more general nature requisite for 
the performance of vital actions, as heat, light, 
and electricity, 147 
analogy of vital phenomena to those of the 
universe at large, 147 
illustration—the earth, solar system, and uni- 
verse, 147 
illustration—the steam-engine, 148 
conclusion—vital actions the properties of organs 
called into action by appropriate stimuli, 148 
IV. br connection between vitality and organiza- 
tion, 148 
probability that the properties which give rise to 
vital action exist in all forms of matter or at 
least in all of those forms of if capable of be- 
coming organized, 148 
total change effected in the properties of certain 
forms of matter by their entrance into new 
combinations due to the act of combination, 
as analogous to vital properties being due to 
the act of organization, 149 
no poeay distinct from the matter which ex- 
hibits it, or capable of being superadded to it or 
abstracted from it, analogy of the magnetic 
roperties of iron to vitality considered, 149 
evidence of vitality being due to the properties of 
matter in the condition of organized tissues, to 
be found in the vital actions themselves, 149 
the assertion that the existence of organization 
implies a previous existence of life, considered, 
150 
many actions performed by living beings common 
to them and inorganic matter, 150 | 
reparation of materials for organization, 150 
V. Changes in composition, 151 
formation of proximate principles, 151 
grounds for the assumption of a distinct set of 
vital affinities, 151 
reasons for believing that the compounds with 
which organic chemistry supplies us have a si- 
milar constitution to that of inorganic com- 
pounds, 152 
the arguments in favour of vital affinity drawn 
from the spontaneous decomposition of organic 
matter, considered, 152 
organic matter, considered, 152 
presumed impossibility of artificially pro- 
ducing organic compounds or proximate 
principles, considered, 153 
artificial and natural conversion of gum, 
starch, and lignin énto sugar, 153 
catalytic action, 153 
evolution of electricity during the ordinary 
processes of growth of plants and animals, 
5 
154 
inability of chemists to produce organic com- 
pounds probably due to their want of ac- 
quaintance with the form or condition in 
which their components must be brought 
together in order to enter into the desired 
union, 154 
conclusions deduced from the foregoing para- 
_graphs of the chapter, 154 
VI. Vitality in a dormant or inactive condition, 154 
dormant vitality of seeds, eggs, &c. 155 
length of time during which the dormant 
vitality may be preserved, 155 
dormant vitality of seeds, 155 
dormant vitality of eggs, 156 
agents which destroy the vitality of seeds and 
eggs such as are calculated to produce im- 
portant changes in their structure and com- 
ition, 156 
dormant vitality of plants and animals that 
ome attained beyond the embryo condition, 
15) 
preservation of dormant vitality due to the main- 
tenance of normal constitution, 157 
suspension of vital action under other circum- 
stances, 157 
hybernation of plants, 157 
hybernation of animals, 157 
animals enclosed in rocks and trees, 158 
syncope, 158 
ae Ry of vital action in parts of the human 
ly, 159 
i tenor of Dr. Daubeny, 159 
Liver (Normal Anatomy), 160 
situation, 160 
ark 160 - 
tion, 1 
rondionh, 160 
ligaments, 160 
Liver (Pa ical Anatomy), 182 
fissures, 161 
lobes, 162 ; 
coverings, 162 
color, 162 
dimensions, 163 
chemical analysis of human liver, 163 
of bullock’s liver, 163 
varieties in form, 163 
varieties of position, 163 
gall bladder, 164 
relations, 164 
coats, 164 
excretory ducts of gall bladder and liver, 164 
coats, 164 
varieties in the gall bledder, 164_ 
structure of the liver, 164 
the terms lobule and acinus as used by Malpighi, 
Miller, and Kiernan, 165 
Glisson’s capsnle, 166 
vaginal portion, 167 
interlobular portion, 167 
lobular portion, 167 
tage die how hes and vaginal pl 
vaginal branc lexus, 167 
interlobular veins, 168 
lobular veins, 168 
abdominal and hepatic origins of the portal vein, 
168 
hepatic duct, 169 
vaginal ducts and be pe plexus, 169 
interlobular ducts, } 
lobular ducts and lobular plexus, 169 
termination of the biliary ducts, 170 
vascularity of the biliary ducts, 170 
mucous membrane and follicles of the biliary 
ducts, 171 
hepatic artery, 171 a % 
vaginal arteries, 171 
intralobular arteries, 171 
lobular arteries, 171 
distribution, 171 
hepatic veins, 172 
interlobular veins, 173 
sublobular veins, 173 
hepatic trunks, 173 
lymphatics, 173 
nerves, 174 
progressive development of the liver in the animal 
series, 174 ) 
liver in Invertebrata, 174 
in he ge a 175 £ the gall 
comparative anatomy of the bladder, 176 
bile secreted from arterial blood in Inverte’ 
formation of portal vein in the Vertebrate 
classes, anastomoses of portal and caval veins, 176 
hepatic veins of diving animals, 176 
development of the liver in the embryo, 177 
in the Fowl, 177 __ 
in the human subject, 177 
uses of the liver, 178 
secretion of bile, 178 
anomalous opening of the portal vein into the 
vena cava, 178 
quantity of the bile, 180 
expulsion of the bile, 180 
uses of the bile, 181 
red and yellow substances of Ferrein, 181 . 
researches of M. Dujardin, 182 
diseases of the serous membrane, 182 
acute inflammation, 182 
chronic inflammation, 183 
depositions iu the subserous tissue, 183 
diseases of the mucous membrane, 183 
disorders of the venous circulation, 183 
— congestion, 184 
epatic venous congestion, 184 
portal venous congestion, 184 _ - 
errors of Miller and Cruveilhier, with regard to 
the structure of the liver, 185-6 44 
disorders of the biliary excretion, 187 
biliary congestion, 187 
effects of obstruction of the gall ducts, 187 
diseases of the parenchyma, 187 
inflammation, 188 
hypertrophy, 188 
atrophy, 188 
cirrhosis, 188 
softening, 189 
induration, 190 
fatty degeneration, 190 
abscess, 1 
tubercle, 192 , 
scirrhus, 192 
medullary sarcoma, 193 
seat of origin of carcinoma, 194 
fungus hematodes, 194 
melanosis, 194 
disorders of pana 194 £ bile, 19 - 
suppression of secretion of bi 
alterations in the physical properties of the © 
ile, 195 P 
