ANALYTICAL INDEX. 
Microscope (continued). 
test objects, 344 
II. Of the mechanical arrangements of microscopes, 
344 
objects to be attained 
steadiness and firmness, 344 
capability of accurate adjustment, 345 
the power of placing the instrument in either 
a vertical or horizontal position, 345 
simplicity, 346 
best means of carrying on dissections under a 
magnifying power, 346 
dissecting instruments, 346 
compressorium, 347 
ordinary compound, or simple, microscope, 347 
superior compound microscope, 349 
illumination, 351 
mirror, 352 
direct light, 352 
condenser, 353 
achromatic condenser, $5$ 
illumination of opaque objects, 354 
condensing mirror, 354 
Lieberkuhn’s speculum, 354 
back ground, 354 
III. Magnifying power of microscopes, 354 
measurement of the magnifying power of mi- . 
croscopes, 355 
micrometers 
micrometer-screw, 355 
micrometer eye-piece, 355 
micrometry by means of the camera lucida, 356 
camera lucida, 356 
the degree of minuteness of objects which the 
magnifying power of the microscope renders 
visible, 356 
Milk, 358 
cow’s milk, 358 
common milk globules, cream globules, and yel- 
low granulated corpuscles, 358 
butter, 359 
casein, a 
aposepedine, $59 
Geese of milk, 360 
lactic acid, 360 
substances found in the ashes of cow’s milk, 360 
proportion of cream in cow’s milk, 360 
colostrum, 360 
human milk, 361 
milk from the male breast, 362 
milk of the ass, 362 
mare, 362 
goat, 362 
sheep, 362 
bitch, 362 
contamination of the milk byfvarious ingesta, 362 
analogy of milk to blood, 362 
; Mollusca, 363 
general characters, 363 
nervous system, 364 
senses, 364 
muscular system, 365 
digestive system, 365 
circulatory system, 365 
respiratory system, 365 
uropoietic system, 366 
generative system, 366 
classification, 366 
Monotremata, 366 
general characters, 366 
Echidna, 367 
Ornithorhynchus, $67 
Spectr: 368 
skull, Echidna, 368 
occipital bone, 369 
parietal bone, 369 
temporal bone, 370 
frontal bone, 370 
nasal bone, 370 
palate bone, $70 
superior maxillary bone, $70 
comparison with the skull of various Edentate 
and Marsupial animals, 371 
skull, Ornithorhynchus, 371 
occipital and temporal bones, 971 
rietal and frontal bones, 373 
oramina in the floor of the skull, $73 
ee canal traversing the squamous suture, 
7: 
facial bones, 373 
lachrymal foramen, $74 
ridges on the outside of the cranium, $74 
interior of the skull, 874 
lower jaw, 374 
vertebral column, $74 
true vertebra, 374 
ribs and costal cartilages or sternal ribs, $75 
sternum, 375 
sacrum, 375 
caudal vertebra, 375 
pectoral extremities, 376 
pelvic extremities, $78 
muscular system, Ornithorhynchus, 379 
1019 
Monotremata (continued). 
nervous system, 389 
brain, Ornithorhynchus, 382 
Echidna, 382 
spinal cord, Ornithorhynchus, 385 
Echidna, $85 
olfactory nerves, Ornithorhynchus, 385 
_Echidna, $85 
optic nerves, 385 
ever 385 
third and fourth pair of nerves, $*6 
fifth pair, ss6 
sixth and seventh pair, $86 
acoustic nerve, 386 
ear, 386 
eighth and ninth pair of nerves, 886 
brachial plexus, median nerve, $87 
lumbar plexus, ischiadic nerve, 387 
Digestive system, 387 
alimentary canal, Ornithorhynchus, 387 
Echidna, 387 
salivary glands, 388 
liver, 388 
pancreas, 388 
spleen, 389 
circulating system, 389 
blood, 389 
heart, Ornithorhynchus, $90 
Echidna, 390 
aorta and great arterial trunks, $91 
venz cave and renal veins, 391 
ortal vein, 391 
respiratory system, 391 
lungs, 391 
trachea, 391 
larynx, 391 
thymus and other glands, 39t 
renal system, 391 
supra-renal bodies, 391 
kidneys, ureters, 391 
organs of generation, $91 
male organs, 391 
testicle, 592 
penis, 392 
levator and retractor muscies, $92 
Cowper’s glands, 392 
female organs, 393 
ovaries, 394 
Fallopian tubes and uteri, 394 
uro-genital canal, $94 
common vestibule, 395 
clitoris, 395 
Cowper’s glands, $95 
products of generation, 395 
ovum, $95 
the young—Omnithorhynchus—external cha- 
racters, 399 
dissection, 399 
mammary organs, 402 
crural gland and spur, 405 
Monstrosity, vide Teratology. 
Motion, Animal; Animal Dy icss L 
gressive Motion of Animals, 407 
general remarks, 407 
Section I. 
fundamental axioms, 408 
composition and resolution of forces, 408 
parallelogram of forces, 408 
polygon of forces, 408 
parallelopipedon of forces, 408 
centre of gravity, 409 
the lever, 410 
the pulley, 410 
of uniform motion, 4}1 
motion uniformly varied, 411 , 
the legs move by the force of gravity as a pen- 
dulum, 411 . 
mechanical effects of fluids on animals immersed 
in them, 412 
resistance of fluids, 413 _ 
passive organs of locomotion, 413 
bones, 413 
joints, 415 
igaments, 415 
muscles, 416 2 
force of muscles at various stages of their 
contraction, 418 
Section II. Flying, 419 
flight of insects, 419 
Coleoptera, 4u1 
Dermaptera, 421 
Lepidoptera, 421 
nocturnal Lepido ptera, 422 
Neuroptera, 423 
Hymenoptera, 423 
Diptera, 493 ; 
table showing the arew of the wings and the 
weight of the body in various species of 
insects, 424 
flight of birds, 424 
use of the tail in flight, 499 
flight of fish and other animals, 429 
Dactylopterus and Exocetus, 429 
tion ; or Pro- 
