ANALYTICAL INDEX. 
Organic Analysis (continued). 
Gsophagus (continued). 
Olfactory 
abnormal anatomy, 760 
congenital malformation, 760 
acquired malformation, 760 
structural changes, 761 
stricture, 761 
morbid growths, 761 
Nerves, see Nose and Smell. 
Optic Nerves, 762 
descriptive anatomy, 762 
apparent origin, 762 
tractus opticus, 762 
chiasma, 762 
optic nerve proper, 762 
first stage, 762 
second stage, 762 
communication with other nerves, 763 
organization, 763 
real origin, 763 
evidence derived from comparative anatomy, 764 
Fish, 764 
Reptiles, 764 
Birds, 764 
in Mau the optic nerves derive some roots from the 
tubercula quadrigemina, 765 
the tubercula quadrigemina probably fulfil other 
purposes besides that of affording origin to the 
optic nerves, 766 
the human optic nerve probably derives roots 
from the optic thalamus, 766 
corpora geniculata: their relation to the optic 
nerves, 768 
tuber cinereum : its relation to the optic nerves, 768 
of the chiasma of the optic nerves, 768 
in Invertebrata, 769 
cortilagi Fish, ad 
cartilaginous Fish, 769 
Birds, 769 
irds, 
Amphibia and Reptiles, 769 
Mammalia and Man, 769 
use of the chiasma, 771 
some remarkable varieties of optic nerves, 774 
optic nerves in certain Cephalopods, 774 
optic nerves of the compound eyes of Insects, 775 
plaited optic nerves, 776 
optic nerves in cyclops monsters, 777 
general developement of the optic nerves in the higher 
classes of animals, 777 
functions of the optic nerves, 778 
the optic nerves when present are essential to 
vision, 778 
in those animals which possess special optic 
nerves the fifth pair are totally inadequate to 
support vision, 778 
absence of proof that the fifth pair is absolutely 
essential to sight, 778 
ordinary tactile sensibility, 780 
effects of stimulants, 780 
excito-motory properties, 781 
radiated or sympathetic sensations, 782 
Orbit, 782 
bones, 782 
dissection of the orbit, 783 
peewentes 783 
Fie hye gland, 784 
fo nerve, frontal and lachrymal nerves, 784 
levator palpebrz superioris, 784 
rectus superior, 784 
obliquus superior, 785 
third nerve, nasal nerve, 785 
lenticular ganglion, 785 
optic nerve, 785 
ophthalmic artery, 785 : 
lachrymal artery, central artery of the retina, 
supra-orbital, ciliary arteries, muscular 
branches, ethmoidal, palpebral, nasal arteries 
and frontal arteries, 786 
ophthalmic vein, 786 . 
sixth nerve, inferior division of the third nerve, 
787 
external, internal, and inferior recti muscles, 787 
inferior oblique, 787 
orbital portion of the superior maxillary nerve, 
temporal branch, malar branch, tunica vagina- 
lis of Mr. O?Ferrall, 788 
action of the muscles, 788 © 
levator palpebre, 788 
recti, 788 
obliqui, 789 
consensual movements of the two eyes, 791 
adaptation of the eye to distances, 792 
Organic Analysis, 792 
I, Proximate analysis, 793 
manipulation, 793 
reagents, &c. 793 
desiccation, 793 
incineration, 794 
filtration, 795 
decantation, 795 
A. Analysis of animal fluids, 795 
1, for the organic constituents, 795 
qualitative analysis, 795 
fibrin, 795 
VOL, IIT. 
1025 
albumen, 795 
fatty matters and cholesterin, 796 
sugar, 796 
urea, 796 
uric acid and the urates, 796 
quantitative analysis, 796 
process, 796 
special consideration of the different ani- 
mal principles, 797 
fibrin, 797 
fatty matters, serolin and butyrin, 798 
albumen, 798 
casein, 798 
urea, 799 
sugar, 799 
uric acid, 800 
urobenzoic or hippuric acid, 800 
lactic acid, 800 
oxalic acid, 800 
@. for the inorganic constituents, 801 
qualitative analysis, sot 
quantitative analysis, 802 , 
carbonic, phosphoric, and hydrochloric acid, 
sulphuric and phosphoric, 803 
iodine, fluorine, and sulphur, 803 
es, 203 
potash, soda, ammonia, 804 
Iron, lime, magnesia, lead, £04 
par al 805 
B. Analysis of animal solids, 805 
cholesterin, 805 
uric acid and urates, 805 
cystic oxyde, 805 
albumen and fibrin, 805 
—_ tissues, 806 
irs, 806 
earthy phosphates, 806 
carbonate of lime, 206 
oxalate of lime, 806 
C. Proximate analysis of individual secretions, 
807 
of the urine, 807 
healthy urine, 807 
diabetic urine, 808 
albuminous, 809 
of the blood, 809 
the serum, 810 ~ 
the clot, 810 
of milk, 811 
of bile, 811 
of saliva, 812 
II. Ultimate analysis, 813 
analysis of a solid not containing nitrogen, 814 
of a liquid not containing nitrogen, 816 
ofa body containing nitrogen, 817 
method of determining the equivalent number of an 
organic substance, 819 
Osseous System, 820 
general remarks, 822 
enumeration of the parts of a perfect vertebrate endo- 
skeleton, 823 
(skeleton of the Crocodile), 8293 
spinal column, 823 
elements of a vertebra, 824 
autogenous parts, 824 
exogenous parts, 824 
skull, 825 
occipital vertebra, 827 
arietal vertebra, 827 
rontal vertebra, 827 
bones of the cranium, 828 
frontals, 828 
anterior frontals, posterior frontals, $29 
parietals, 829 f , 
external occipitals, lateral occipitals, inferior 
occipital or basilar, 829 
sphenoid, alars, 829 : 
squamo-temporal, petro-temporal, 829 
pi tacos bones, 829 
cethmoid, vomer, nasal bones, 830 
inferior turbinated, 830 
maxillary, intermaxillary, 830 
suborbital, prenasal, supra-temporal, 831 
palatine bones, transverse bones, internal 
pterygoid, zygomatic, masto-temporal, 832 
styloid, symplectic, 833 
lower jaw, 833 
opercular, angular, articular, 833 
hyo-branchial apparatus, 833 
hyoid, 833 
branchiostegous rays, 834 
branchial arches, 834 
pharyngeal bones, 834 
condition of the os hyoides in Reptiles, 835 
metamorphosis of the os hyoides, 635 
thorax, 836 
vertebral ribs, 836 
sternum, 837 
sternal ribs, 838 
limbs, 839 
anterior, 839 
