170 PR f MARY FACTORS OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION. 



the lower jaw of the latter we shall be in doubt as to 

 whether this individual pertains to the Homo sapiens 

 or the Homo neanderthalensis. 



The characters of the dentition, cranium, and limbs 

 which have been observed in the Paleolithic man, are 

 not without parallel in existing races, though the char- 

 acters do not generally occur together in the latter. 

 The supposition that all the Paleolithic men so far 

 found are all pathological subjects is not a probable 

 solution of the question, although this type was no 

 doubt subject to pathological conditions such as have 

 been found in the leg-bones of the men of Neanderthal 

 and Trinil. The characters of the symphysis of the 

 lower jaw are quite sufficient to separate the Neander- 

 thal man as a distinct species of the genus Homo. 1 

 This character is not pathological but it is zoological, 

 and places that species between Homo sapiens and the 

 apes. 



In conclusion, it may be observed that we have in 

 the Homo neanderthalensis a greater number of simian 

 characteristics than exist in any of the known races of 

 the Homo sapiens, although, so far as known, he be- 

 longs to the genus Homo. The posterior foot, so far 

 as preserved, indicates this to be the case. The foot- 

 character, which distinguishes the genera Homo and 

 Simia still remains. There is still, to use the language 

 of Fraipont and Lohest, " an abyss " between the man 

 of Spy and the highest ape ; though, from a zoological 

 point of view, it is not a wide one. 



The flints which were discovered in the stratum of 

 cave deposit containing the human remains, are of the 

 Paleolithic type known as Mousterien in France, which 



IThis view was first insisted on in an article on the Genealogy of Man in 

 the American Naturalist, 1893, p. 331. 



