EXOGENOUS SERIES BROADLEAF WOODS. 25 



Live Oak. Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 



Nomenclature. (Sudworth.) 



Live Oak (Cal., Oreg.). Canyon Oak, Iron Oak, Maul 



Canyon Live Oak, Black Live Oak, Valparaiso Oak (Cal..). 



Oak, Golden-cup Oak 



(Cal.). 



Locality. 



West of Rocky Mountains, canyons, and high elevations. 



Features of Tree. 



Fifty to eighty feet in height, three to six feet in diameter. 

 Often low shrub. Impressive appearance. Evergreen foliage. 



Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. 



Heartwood light brown, sapwood lighter, small pores in wide 

 bands parallel to conspicuous medullary rays. Close-grained. 



Structural Qualities of Wood. 



Hard, heavy, strong, tough, difficult to work. 



Representative Uses of Wood. 



Implements, wagons, tool-handles. 



Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot. 



52. 

 Modulus of Elasticity. 



1,700,000. 

 Modulus of Rupture. 



1 8, ooo. 



Remarks. 



Said to be the most valuable of the California oaks. Grows at 

 elevations of 2000 to 5000 feet. Highland Oak (Quercus wis- 

 . lizeni) is an evergreen and a Pacific Coast variety. 



