^ 6 THE PRINCIPAL SPECIES OF WOOD. 



English Oak. Quercus robur var. pedunculata. 



Nomenclature. 



English Oak. British Oak. Common Oak. 



Locality. 



Widespread throughout northern and central Europe. 



Peatures of Tree. 



Seventy to one hundred feet in height, eight to ten feet in 

 diameter. Crooked branches, stalkless leaves, long-stalked 

 acorns. 



Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. 



Heartwood light brown, darker spots frequent, sapwood 

 lighter. Compact structure. 



Structural Qualities of Wood. 



Hard, tough, strong, durable, difficult to work, liable to warp 

 in seasoning. 



Representative Uses of Wood. 



Ship-building, beams, cabinet-work, formerly carpentry. 



Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot. 

 51 (Laslett). 



Modulus of Elasticity. 

 1,170,000 (Thurston). 



Modulus of Rupture. 

 10,000 (Thurston). 



Remarks. 



The English, Chestnut, Durmast, or Red Oak, Q. robur var. 

 sessiliflora, distinguished by long leaf stalks and short acorn 

 stalks, affords practically similar but lower-rated wood. The two 

 varieties supply the British Oak of commerce. Dantzic, Rigi, 

 and some other European oaks take names from port of ship- 

 ment. Rubrus is red, but robur is a noun meaning strength; 

 the adjective robustus means " oaken " or vigorous. 



