EXOGENOUS SERIES- BROADLEAF WOODS. 113 



/% n f Madura aurantiaca Nutt. 



Osage Orange. | Toyylon pomiferum Raf ^ 



Nomenclature. (Sudworth.) 



Osage Orange (local and com- Hedge, Hedge-plant, Osage 



mon name). (111., la., Neb.). 



Bois D'Arc (La., Tex., Mo.). Mock Orange (La.), 

 Bodark, Bodock (Kans.). Bow-wood (Ala.). 



Yellow-wood, Osage Apple 



Tree (Tenn.). 



Locality. 



Southern Arkansas, Indian Territory, and Texas. Cultivated 

 elsewhere, as in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Michigan. 



Features of Tree. 



Twenty to fifty feet in height, rarely beyond one and one-half feet 

 in diameter. Fruit resembles orange. Long thorns. 



Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. 



Heartwood bright orange, turns brown on exposure. Sapwood 

 light yellow, close-grained, annual rings clearly marked. 



Structural Qualities of Wood. 



Hard, heavy, very strong, flexible, durable in contact with soil. 

 Receives beautiful polish. Shrinks in seasoning. 



Representative Uses of Wood. 



Fence-posts, piles, telegraph poles, railway ties, paving-blocks, 

 occasionally indoor decoration. 



Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot. 



48. 

 Modulus of Elasticity. 



1,300,000. 

 Modulus of Rupture. 



16,000. 



Remarks. 



Indians used wood for bows, thus the name 

 Bois D'Arc, corrupted into Bow Dark or 

 Bodark. A valuable wood not enough 

 appreciated. Often planted as hedges. 

 The fruit is useless. 



OSAGE ORANGE. 



