EXOGENOUS SERIES NEEDLELE4F WOODS. 151 



wvi;+o c ( Picea alba Link. 



White bpruce. \ D . , . , ,. 



\ Picea canadensis Mill. 



Nomenclature. (Sudworth.) 



Single Spruce (Me., Vt., Skunk Spruce (Wis., New 



Minn.). Eng.). 



Bog Spruce, Cat Spruce Spruce, Double Spruce (Vt.). 



(N. Eng.). Pine (Hudson Bay). 



Locality. 



Northern United States, Canada to Labrador and Alaska. 



Features of Tree. 



Fifty to one hundred feet in height, one to two feet in 

 diameter, occasionally larger. Compact, symmetrical, conical 

 shape. Foliage lighter than black spruce. Cones fall sooner 

 than those of black spruce. Whitish resin. 



Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. 



Heartwood light yellow, sapwood similar. Straight-grained, 

 numerous prominent medullary rays. Compact structure. 



Structural Qualities of Wood. 



Light, soft, not strong (similar to Black Spruce). 



Representative Uses of Wood. 



Lumber, flooring, carpentry, etc. (similar to Black Spruce). 



Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot. 



2 5- 

 Modulus of Elasticity. 



1,450,000. 

 Modulus of Rupture. 



10,600. 



Remarks. 



Notable as resident of high latitudes. Chief tree of arctic 

 forests. Wood, used similarly to black spruce, is substituted 

 for white pine. 



