202 COMPOUND ORGANS OP PLANTS. 



Fig. 99. 



Fig. 99. Loment of saintfoin (Hedysarum) , which separates transversely into single 

 seeded portions. 



transverse disarticulation may be supposed to have some 

 relation to a simply pinnate leaf, whose modification in this 

 instance forms the carpel, the divisions indicating the points 

 where the different pairs of pinnae have United. 



Different kinds of pericarps or fruits. Several eminent 

 botanists have attempted to make a classification of the dif- 

 ferent kinds of pericarps. We have not space for the enumera- 

 tion of any more than those which most frequently occur, and 

 to which reference is most generally made. The principal 

 indehiscent fruits or pericarps are, 



1. The Garyopsis or grain, (xapva a nut, and 04/15 appearance.) 

 This is a dry indehiscent one seeded pericarp, which is so 

 incorporated with the seed as to be inseparable from it. It 

 is seen in the cultivated grains such as maize, barley, oats, 

 which in common language are called seeds, but which con- 

 sidered botanically are not seeds, but seed vessels containing a 

 seed. It is only by examining them in their early state and 

 noticing their styles, that we can become convinced that these 

 grains are only apparent but not real seeds. 



2. The Achenium (a without, and xcw'fco I open), is a single 

 seeded indehiscent fruit, the pericarp of which is distinct from 

 the coats of the seed. The fruit of the Ranunculus consists of 

 a number of these achenia borne on a convex receptacle. In 

 the rose, the receptacle which supports them is concave and is 



