ITS 



thi- '- oh-erved in reality in the coinliUstioii of various h\ drocai'hon-. ('harcoal, or 

 the soot of a common flame, proceeds from the di ciation ol ,.. janic -nh-tances con- 

 tained in the tlame. The majority oMiydrocarl.on-. e-pedallv those containing much 

 stance, naphthalene hum even in oxyp-n. w ; th -eparatioiiof soot. The 

 hums, hul tin- carhoii n I. . t.] lly so. It is this free 



, , i \\ 1 1 id i causes the 1 ir ill iancy of the flat e. That tl of the flame contains 



. .vhich is still ca] ' 1 illowiiiLT experi- 



t ; A portion of the ibises may In willidrax i 1-y an ' the central portion 



e flame of carhonic oxide, wliicli is comhu-t ihle in air. For thi- purpo-e Deville 

 pa-sed water tlmm-h a metallic tuhe haviiiL' a ti ie lateral or : tice. which i- placed in the 

 flame. As the water parses alon- the tnhe the -a -e- oi the l!a me enter it . they are 

 , mipled l.y . ylinders of water pas-ine' alon- the ml,,., and are carried off with it into 

 [< for their investigation. It appears that all portion- of the flame obtained 

 l,v the cond'Ustion of a mixture of earl tain a portion of this 



ture -till unl.urnt. The re-earch.-s o! [Vville and i'.u i wed that in the 



-ion of a mixture of hydi'op-u and of c vp-n in a closed 



space, complete comliustioii sometimes does iiof take place immediately. It two 

 volumes of hydro-en and one volume of oxyp-n he enclosed in a closed -pace, then mi 

 explosion the pressure doe- not attain thai ma-mtude which it would were there 

 lediate and c-om]ilete comhustion. It may he calculated that in this ca-e the 

 pressure should attain twenty-six atmospheres. In reality, it has heen shown l>y 

 \ experiment that in the explosion ol hydro-en and oxy-jvn the pressure does 

 n ; exceed nine a nd a-lialt atnifis]>heres. 



This may he explained l.y the fact that, in : ; ,< .! of the oxyp-n 



does not all nl once comhine with the ci I The amount of apis 



l,urnt may even l.e determined from the pressure produced in i'- coinliiist ion, knmvin^ 

 tin- heat evolved in it- comhustion and the specific heat of all the resultant and partici- 

 pating -uhstances. and hence the tempera! lire of condni-t ion. and therefore also the 

 pressure which may he evolved a- a eoiise<|Uence of that ri-e of temperature which pro- 

 ceed- from the evolution of heat. It appeal's 1 hat in t his <-a -e onlv one-third of the pises 



ilie at the I e|n] icra t lire e\'i 'I Veil ill 



tioiiof the remaining mas-, which i- capaMi of luiruin--:'. The admi\ture of carhonic 



interferes in the -ame manner. Thi- shows thai e\er\ portion of a tlame nin-t contain 

 hydro-'eu. hydrocarhoiis. carl ionic anhydride, and \\ ater. < '<<. , ijiii'iit ly. /'/ /x tin i'x>-il>lr 



' me. A ci itii n i in 



ffe rent ] ' . In thi pace differ, ,,!,, ompoiienl parts are 



V el\ nliji cted to c.niihiisl ion. ' - il under iln '.'.<\< nee of adjacenl 



,,|,jec1-. and c, mhii-tion onlv end- v,ln re ti:,- llame , nd . I' the coinlin-t ion coidd he 



,. M i,c,-n1ra1ed at - -pot. then the temperature /. o d,| I,,- in,- parahlv hii/ln-r llian it is 



, Ul ,lel' t lie a el i la I ci re 1 1 In -t a lice . ||ellce 't I not to he \\ o|i(|i I'ed at that -moke and soot 

 | .,.., 1 1 -e t I'on i -.. hat ha ln-.-n aid a 1 - e, e complete com I ill ' >1 take place in-tan- 



