AND ANIMAL LIFE. 335 



CCCXCV. The principal passions, which are 

 stimuli to the whole system, are joy, anger, hope, 

 and love ; and the chief of those that act as seda- 

 tives are fear, wonder, melancholy, grief, and jea- 

 lousy. Ambition, pride, humility, avarice, and 

 vanity, are included in the class of mental pecu- 

 liarities. The distinguishing character of the 

 two former is, that they are directly excited by 

 immediate objects, and the extent of the influence is 

 measured by the obvious changes induced ; whereas 

 it is almost impossible, by any external manifesta- 

 tions, to assert the existence of the latter. Our 

 passions are seldom entirely suppressed; they 

 may be controlled : but ambition and pride are 

 dispositions of the mind that are sometimes alto- 

 gether concealed, and, as they produce no parti- 

 cular consequence upon the system, we cannot 

 estimate precisely their nature or degree. The 

 ambitious man may employ the greater part of 

 his life in endeavouring to exalt himself, without 

 having any of his corporeal functions deranged. 

 Deliberate reflection on the best means likely to 

 promote his interest, or the attainment of his 

 wishes, neither excites nor depresses the organic 

 system ; and therefore the principle by which he 

 is actuated ought not to be regarded in the light 

 of passion. The same observations apply to the 

 rest included in the same class. 



CCCXCVI. When I speak of passions, I 

 allude to these as depending, equally with men- 



