APPENDIX. 



IN XI. XII. page 8 and 9 I have spoken of the in- 

 fluence of inspirations when they preponderate either in 

 number or perfection over the expirations. I have observed 

 that, in such cases, they have the tendency to determine the 

 blood to the internal organs. It may appear to some impos- 

 sible that either expirations or inspirations can have an as- 

 cendancy, since it seems necessary that the quantity of air 

 expired, must, upon the whole, be equal to that which is in- 

 spired. But, if we carefully consider the phenomena which 

 accompany either of these respiratory acts, we shall be con- 

 vinced of the correctness of the above statements. When an 

 individual speaks vehemently, or runs violently, he very soon 

 exhibits shortness of breathing. We perceive that the chest 

 and the shoulders, immediately after the exercise, are raised 

 with great force, arising from the very deep inspirations 

 which the individual is necessitated to make, in order to 

 re-establish in the lungs the ordinary quantity of air, 

 which has been expended in those efforts of the system at- 

 tendant on running and vehement speaking. Most indivi- 

 duals can count 30 or 40, commencing with unit, without 

 taking one inspiration. When they arrive at the limit be- 

 yond which they cannot pass, they are observed to make a 

 very deep inspiration, which draws in at one time the same 

 quantity of air which had been expelled by 30 or 40 previous 



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