31 



right ventricle, in man, being from 1 to 3 F. (0.56 to 1.7 Cs.) 

 higher than that of the rectum, if we suppose the same difference 

 existing in man as in mammals, it follows that the temperature 

 of the right ventricle of the heart in man ought to be between 

 101 and 105 F. (38. 33 and 40.56 Cs.) 



But a closer approximation of the exact temperature of the 

 internal parts of the body, in man, may be obtained by taking 

 the temperature of an organ situated deeper than the rectum, and, 

 consequently, less exposed to the influence of the atmosphere. 

 Such is the case in the bladder. I have observed its temperature 

 by taking that of the urine at the moment of its emission and 

 before any sensible change had occurred in it. The urine was 

 directly received in a vase dipped into a large quantity of water 

 at 98 F. (36.7 Cs.) Thus I have ascertained that the mean 

 temperature of the urine, in man, is 102.6 F. (39.2 Cs.) 



Now if we take notice of this well-known fact, that the tem- 

 perature of the lower part of the abdomen is less elevated than 

 the upper part, we are authorized to believe that the temperature 

 of the central parts of the body, in man, is very near 103 F. 

 (39.5 Cs.) 



My experiments on the temperature of urine were made 

 on ten strong sailors, in the spring, on the Atlantic Ocean, be- 

 tween the 43d and 45th deg. of north latitude. The lowest de- 

 gree of the temperature of urine which I have observed, was 

 100.9F. (38.3Cs.); the highest was 103.2F. (39.56 Cs.) 

 My own urine, examined more than thirty times, in the most va- 

 ried conditions, has been nearly always at the same temperature ; 

 the variations have been only between 102 and 102. 8 F. (38.89 

 and 3933 Cs.) The ordinary degree is 102.5 F. (39.17 Cs.) 



Long before my researches, the temperature of urine, in the 

 human species, had been taken by some observers, but in general 

 without sufficient care. The temperature of the urine is 94.25, 

 according to Braun; 98.9, according to De Lisle; and 103, 

 according to Hales. Recently Berger has taken the tem- 

 perature of urine in the bladder in five women. He has found 

 it equal to 101,48 F. (38. 6 Cs.) 



As the temperature of woman is a little inferior to that of 

 man, the result obtained by Berger is in accordance with mine. 



If we take the average between the temperature of the urine of 



