62 HUMAN ANATOMY. 



Intermediate surface, for semi-membranosus, semi-tendino- 

 sus, biceps, adductor magnus, gemellus inferior, and great sacro- 

 sciatic ligament. 



The ascending ramus passes upward and inward from the 

 tuberosity to join the descending ramus of the pubes, forming 

 part of the inner margin of the obturator foramen. It gives 

 attachment to gracilis, obturator externus, part of adductor mag- 

 nus, erector penis, and transversus perinaei. 



THE PUBES forms the anterior part of the pelvis, and con- 

 sists of a body, horizontal ramus, and descending ramus. 



The body is quadrilateral, and presents 



An anterior surface, for attachment of adductor longus and 

 brevis, and part of gracilis, adductor magnus, and obturator ex- 

 ternus ; 



Posterior surface, forming anterior wall of true pelvis and 

 giving attachment to levator ani and part of obturator internus ; 



Spine, upon the upper border, for Poupart's ligament and 

 outer pillar of external abdominal ring ; 



Ilio-pectineal line, continuous with that on ilium; 



Crest, along the upper border, internal to the spine ; 



Angle, at the junction of the inner border with the crest and 

 giving attachment to internal pillar of external ring ; 



Symphysis, the internal oval border roughened by several 

 ridges for articulation with opposite bone. 



The horizontal ramus joins the ilium, forming the upper 

 part of the obturator foramen, and presents at its lower border a 



Groove, for the obturator vessels and nerve. 



The descending ramus is flat and thin, and joins the ascend- 

 ing ramus of the ischium. 



Each innominate bone articulates with three bones the sa- 

 crum, femur, and its fellow of the opposite side. 



Its muscular attachments are thirty- three [ilium], latissi- 

 mus dorsi, tensor vaginas femoris, obliquus extensor, erector 

 spinaB, transversalis, quadratus lumborum, gluteus minimus, 

 medius, and maximus, rectus, pyriformis, iliacus, multifidus 

 spinae, sartorius; [ischium], obturator externus and internus, 

 gemellus superior, coccygeus, levator ani, semi-membranosus and 

 semi-tendinosus, biceps, quadratus femoris, adductor magnus, 

 gemellus inferior, erector penis, and transversus perinaei; 

 [pubes], pyramidalis, obliquus internus and externus, psoas par- 

 vus, pectineus, adductor longus and brevis, gracilis, and com- 

 pressor urethrsa. 



Its ossific centres are eight one primary for each division 

 and five epiphyses, one each for crest of ilium, symphysis, tuber- 

 osity of ischium, anterior spinous process, and acetabulum. 



