HUMAN ANATOMY. 



1. The diarthrosis are subdivided into : 



Arthrodia, gliding-joint, as superior tibio-fibular ; 



Enarthrosis, ball-and-socket joint, as shoulder and hip; 



Ginglymus, hinge-joint, as knee and ankle; 



Trochoides, a ring surrounding a pivot, as atlo-axoid joint, and 

 superior radio-ulnar. 



Condyloid, elliptical cavity receiving an ovoid head, as wrist-joint. 



Recip'rocal reception, a concavo-convex articulation, as carpo-meta- 

 carpal joint of thumb. 



2. SynarthrosiS; surface, immovably connected by fibrous 

 membrane without synovial membrane. 



They are divided into: 



Sutura, bones interlocking with one another; 



Schindylesis, a fissure in one bone receiving a plate of bones, as 

 between vomer and sphenoid; 



Gomphosis, a socket with a pivot inserted, as in alveolar cavities 

 for teeth. 



Synchondrosis, a temporary joint in which the connecting medium 

 is cartilage. 



The sutura may be either true, sutura vera, or false, sutura 

 noiha, the former having three divisions: dentata, tooth-like 

 processes, as interparietal suture; serrata, saw-like edges, as in- 

 terfrontal suture; limbosa, dentated processes and beveled mar- 

 gins, as f ronto-parietal ; the latter two divisions: 



Squamosa, overlapping beveled margins, and 



Harmonia, by union of roughened surfaces, as intermaxillary 

 suture. 



3. Amphiarthrosis, bony surfaces connected by fibro-carti- 

 lage, with or without synovial membrane, as between vertebral 

 bodies, and pubic symphysis. 



MOTIONS IN JOINTS. Joints admit of four (4) distinct 

 varieties of motion : 



(a) Gliding movement, between contiguous surfaces; 

 Cb) Angular movement, as flexion, extension, adduction, and ab- 

 duction ; 



(c) Circumduction, as in true enarthrosis; 



(d) Rotation on its own axis, as between the atlas and axis. 



TEMPORO-M AXILLARY is formed by condyle of lower jaw, 

 below articulating with glenoid cavity of the temporal bone and 

 eminentia articularis above. It is a double arthrodial joint. 



LIGAMENTS. External Lateral. Origin, tubercle on outer 

 edge of zygoma; insertion, outer side of neck of condyle. 



Internal Lateral. Origin, spinous process of sphenoid; in- 

 sertion, lower circumference of inferior dental foramea. 



