ARTICULATIONS AND LIGAMENTS. 113 



Capsular. Origin, circumference of articulation; insertion, 

 neck of condyle. 



Interarticular fibro-cartilage is within cavity; external 

 pterygoid muscle attached to its inner edge. 



Synovial membrane is divided into two by cartilage. 



Intermaxillary ligament passes from external pterygoid 

 process to coronoid. 



Stylo-maxillary Ligament. Origin, styloid process; inser- 

 tion, inner surface of angle of jaw. Nerves are derived from the 

 auriculo-temporal and masseteric branches of the inferior maxil- 

 lary. 



ARTICULATIONS OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN. These are formed 

 between the contiguous surfaces of the vertebral bodies and ar- 

 ticular processes, inclosed in capsular ligaments, and connected 

 with the following ligaments : 



The anterior common ligament extends from the front of 

 the body of the axis down the anterior surface of the spine to 

 the sacrum, being expanded opposite, and attached to each inter- 

 vertebral connecting fibro-cartilage; 



The posterior common ligament descends along posterior 

 surfaces of bodies from axis to sacrum within spinal canal. It 

 also expands opposite and adheres to intervertebral substance ; 



Intervertebral substance, disks of varying size, twenty-seven 

 in number, composed of decussating fibres of fibro-cartilage, ar- 

 ranged in crescentic laminaB with central, semi-pulpy substance, 

 separate the vertebras; 



Ligamenta subflava descend in pairs, twenty-three on either 

 side, from one lamina to another, from axis to sacrum, inclosing 

 spinal canal; 



Supra-spinous ligament, strong cord descending from one 

 vertebra to another, from vertebra prominens (seventh cervical) 

 to sacrum. Its continuation in cervical region forms ligamentum 

 nuclice; 



Interspinous stretch between spinous processes throughout 

 dorsal and lumbar regions ; 



Intertransverse, between transverse processes in lower dorsal 

 and lumbar regions. 



The arteries are derived from ascending cervical and verte- 

 bral in cervical, intercostals in dorsal, and lumbars in lumbar 

 regions. 



The nerves are from spinal nerves in each region. 



ATLO-AXOID ARTICULATION consists of four joints, the two 

 lateral jo in Is being arthrodia, and that between the odontoid 

 process and arch of atlas and transverse ligament a diarthrosis 



