144 HUMAN ANATOMY. 



TRANSVERSALIS COLLI (OR CERVICIS). Origin, transverse 

 processes of six upper dorsal vertebrae; insertion., into the pos- 

 terior tubercles of the transverse processes of the second to the 

 sixth cervical vertebras inclusive; nerves, external branches of 

 the posterior divisions of the cervical. 



TRACHELO-MASTOID. Origin, from articular processes of 

 three or four lower cervical, and from the transverse processes 

 of the third to the sixth dorsal vertebra ; insertion, into the pos- 

 terior margin of the mastoid process, below the sterno-mastoid 

 and the splenius; action, steadies the head; nerves, external 

 branches of the posterior divisions of the cervical. 



SPINALIS DORSI. Origin, spinous processes of last two dor- 

 sal and 'first two lumbar vertebra ; insertion, into spinous proc- 

 esses of the dorsal vertebrae, blending with the semi-spinalis 

 dorsi; action, erects the spinal column; nerves, external branches 

 of the posterior divisions of the cervical. 



SPINALIS COLLI. Origin, from the spinous processes of the 

 fifth to the seventh cervical vertebrae ; insertion, into the spinous 

 process of the axis ; action, steadies the neck ; nerves, same as 

 above; this muscle is absent in 20 per cent, of the subjects. 



COMPLEXUS. Origin, by seven tendons from transverse 

 processes of the upper three dorsal and seventh cervical and 

 articular processes of the fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical; in- 

 sertion, into the occipital bone, between the curved lines ; action, 

 separately, rotates and draws the head to one side ; together, draw 

 the head directly backward ; nerves, suboccipital, great occipital, 

 and internal branches of the posterior divisions of the cervical. 



Fifth Layer. 



SEMI-SPINALES DORSI. Origin, from transverse processes 

 from the fifth to eleventh dorsal vertebrae; insertion, into the 

 spinous processes of the lower two cervical and upper four dorsal 

 vertebrae; action, erects the spinal column; nerves, internal 

 branches of the posterior divisions of the cervical. 



SEMI-SPINALES COLLI. Origin, from transverse processes 

 of lower four cervical and upper four dorsal vertebrae ; insertion, 

 into spinous processes of the second to the fifth cervical verte- 

 brae ;' action, erects the spinal column ; nerves, same as above. 



MULTIFIDUS SPINJS. Origin, from the transverse processes 

 of the dorsal region, the articular processes in the cervical and 

 lumbar region, the posterior superior of the ilium, posterior 

 sacro-iliac ligaments, and from the aponeurotic arch of the erec- 

 tor spmaej mvrtwn, each fasciculus is attached to the laroinse 



