THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM. 167 



The deep temporal fascia is a dense, fibrous membrane, at- 

 tached to the margins of the temporal fossa and zygoma, and 

 from which in part the temporal muscle arises. 



FASCIAS OF THE NECK. The superficial fascia is continuous 

 below with that covering the pectoral muscles and deltoid, and 

 blends above with the superficial facial muscles and fascia. 



The deep fascia adheres below to the clavicle and sternum, 

 and is continuous with the thoracic fascia. As it ascends the 

 neck it ensheathes the great vessels of the neck, sends processes 

 to the larynx, trachea, pharynx, and oesophagus, and above en- 

 sheathes the submaxillary and parotid glands, and forms the 

 stylo-maxillary ligament. 



FASCIAS OF THE TRUNK. The superficial fascia may con- 

 sist of two or more layers in places. It is continuous above 

 with the fascias of the neck and upper extremity, and below with 

 the thigh. Over the pectoral region the mammary glands are 

 inclosed between its layers; below the level of the umbilicus it 

 again divides into two layers, the superficial of which is con- 

 tinuous with the superficial layer of the superficial fascia in the 

 thigh, while the deep layer is attached to the crest of the ilium 

 and Poupart's ligament. 



The deep fascia forms intermuscular septa and aponeuroses. 



THE LUMBAR FASCIA divides into three layers, inclosing the 

 quadratus lumborum, multifidus spinse, and erector spinge mus- 

 cles, and giving attachment to the internal oblique and trans- 

 versalis muscles. Its anterior and middle layers are attached 

 to the transverse processes, and its posterior layer to the spinous 

 processes. Above its anterior layer is attached to the lower bor- 

 der of the last rib, forming the ligamentum arcuatum externum. 

 (The ligamentum arcuatum internum extends from the body 

 of the first or second lumbar vertebra to the transverse process, 

 inclosing the psoas magnus muscle.) 



AIJDOMINAL AND PELVIC FASCIA. The transversalis fascia 

 is a thin aponeurosis between the peritoneum and transversalis 

 muscle. It is attached below to the pubes, pectineal line, Pou- 

 part's ligament, and the femoral vessels, and becomes continuous 

 with the iliac and pelvic fascia. The pelvic fascia lines the 

 pelvic cavity throughout, attached to the symphysis pubis, mar- 

 gin of obturator foramen, and the sacrum, and becomes con- 

 tinuous with the iliac and transversalis fascias. Below it forms 

 llic arcus tendince, for the origin of muscles and the division 

 into the recto-vesical and obturator fascias (vide Perineum). 



THE ILIAC FASCIA is a thin, fibrous membrane investing the 

 psoas and iliacus muscles. Above it is attached to the ligamen- 

 tum arcuatum inturiium, laterally with the bodies of the verte- 



