168 HUMAN ANATOMY. 



brae and sacrum, and below it is attached to Poupart's ligament, 

 the femoral vessels, pectineal eminence, and the capsule of the 

 hip-joint. 



UPPER EXTREMITY. The superficial fascia is a thin mem- 

 brane, inclosing the parts throughout, and adherent to the deep 

 fascia beneath. 



The deep fascia is very dense and strong. It gives off 

 numerous intermuscular septa, and is attached to the olecranon 

 and back part of ulna, and becomes continuous below with the 

 anterior and posterior annular ligaments of the wrist>joint, both 

 of which it forms. 



The anterior annular ligament is attached to the ridge of 

 the trapezium, the tuberosity of the scaphoid, the unciform proc- 

 ess of the unciform, and the pisiform bone, forming a strong, 

 fibrous arch, under which the flexor tendons of the fingers pass. 



The posterior annular ligament is attached to the radius, 

 ulna, cuneiform, and pisiform bones, and the palmar fascia, 

 forming a fibrous arch for the passage of the extensors of the 

 fingers. 



The palmar fascia is an exceedingly dense, triangular mass 

 of adipose and fibrous tissue, attached behind to the anterior 

 annular ligament, and in front divides into four fasciculi, each 

 of which subdivides into two, inserted into the lateral ligaments 

 of the metacarpo-phalangeal articulations. These digitations 

 allow the passage of the flexor digitorum tendons, the digital 

 vessels, and nerves. It is attached above to the skin, and later- 

 ally gives off vertical septa, which separate the middle from the 

 lateral groups of palmar muscles. 



FASCIAS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY. 



The superficial fascia resembles that in other localities, 

 except that, in the front of the thigh, it consists of two or more 

 layers between which are found the superficial vessels and nerves 

 and lymphatic glands. The under layer is attached to the mar- 

 gins of the saphenous opening, where it is perforated by numer- 

 ous lymphatic vessels and blood-vessels; hence its name/cn&ri- 

 form fascia. 



The deep fascia of the thigh, or fascia laid, is a dense 

 fibrous aponeurosis attached to the pubes, Poupart's ligament, 

 crest of the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx, inclosing the gluteus 

 maximus and tensor vaginae femoris between its layers, attached 

 to the linea aspera, and below to all the bony points about the 

 knee-joint, being attached to the head of the fibula and tuber- 

 osities of the tibia by the iUo-tibial band. 



