182 HUMAN ANATOMY. 



4. The OCCIPITAL ARTERY arises from the posterior portion 

 of the external carotid, about the lower border of the digastric 

 muscle. It passes beneath the stylo-hyoid muscle, the digastric 

 muscle, and part of the parotid gland, and, ascending, grooves 

 the internal surface of the mastoid portion of the temporal 

 bone and distributes itself over the occiput as high as the vertex. 

 Its branches are : 



Muscular, to splenius, digastric, stylo-hyoid, etc.; 



Sterno-mastoid, crosses the hypoglossal to the sterno-mastoid 

 muscle ; 



Auricular, is distributed to the back part of the concha; 



Meningeal, passes through the foramen lacerum posterius to the 

 dura mater; 



Arteria princeps cervicis. Its superficial branch anastomoses with 

 the superficial cervical, and its deep branch with the deep cervical 

 branch from the superior intercostal. 



Cranial branches are distributed to the scalp over the 

 occiput. 



5. The POSTERIOR AURICULAR ARTERY arises from the pos- 

 terior portion of the external carotid, on a level with the apex 

 of the styloid process. It ascends beneath the parotid gland to 

 a point between the mastoid process and the cartilage of the 

 ear, where it divides into two branches, one going to the ear and 

 the other to the occiput. Its branches are : 



Stylo-mastoid, supplies the mastoid cells, tympanum, and semi- 

 circular canals, entering the cranium through the stylo-mastoid 

 foramen ; 



Auricular, supplies the cartilage of the ear; 



Muscular, supply the sterno-mastoid, digastric, and stylo-hyoid 

 muscles ; 



Glandular, to parotid gland. 



6. The ASCENDING PHARYNGEAL artery arises about the com- 

 mencement of the external carotid artery and ascends to the base 

 of the skull upon the rectus capitis anticus major. Its branches 

 are: 



Pharyngeal, supplies the three constrictors of the pharynx and 

 the stylo-pharyngeus muscles; 



External, to the neighboring muscles, glands, and hypoglossal and 

 pneumogastric nerves; 



Meningeal, enter the skull through the posterior and middle lacer- 

 ated foramina and the anterior condyloid foramen. 



7. The TEMPORAL artery is the smaller of the two terminal 

 branches. It arises in the parotid gland, crosses the root of the 

 zygoma, ascends forward a couple of inches, and divides into 



