228 HUMAN ANATOMY. 



Right Inguinal (Iliac). Hypogastric. Left Inguinal (Iliac). 



Right ureter, caecum, Portions of the small Left ureter, sigmoid 



spermatic vessels, and intestine under certain flexure of colon, and 

 appendix cseci. circumstances, the spermatic vessels. 



uterus (pregnant), 



bladder (distended), 



sometimes the caecum, 



sigmoid flexure, and 



appendix. 



PERITONEUM. The peritoneum is a closed serous sac, its 

 parietal layer lining the cavity of the abdomen, its visceral layer 

 inclosing more or less completely all the abdominal and pelvic 

 viscera. It is not in all cases a closed sac, for in the female it 

 is continuous with the mucous membrane of the Fallopian tubes. 

 It consists essentially of two sacs of unequal size, the greater and 

 lesser peritoneal sacs, united by a central constriction the fora- 

 men of Winslow: 



The greater sac is located in front of the viscera, one layer 

 lining the internal abdominal wall, the other reflected upon the 

 viscera. Its cavity is known as the greater peritoneal cavity. 



The lesser sac covers the upper part of the posterior abdom- 

 inal wall, and is reflected upon the posterior surface of the liver 

 and stomach. Its cavity is called the lesser peritoneal cavity. 

 It also gives off three processes, one of which is a broad, loose 

 fold, the great omentum, passes downward from the greater 

 curvature of the stomach between the two layers of the greater 

 sac, and is reflected upon itself back to the under surface of the 

 transverse colon. 



The foramen of Winslow is a narrow canal, large enough 

 to admit one finger, between the greater and lesser peritoneal 

 cavities, located behind the right border of the lesser omentum, 

 and formed by the hepatic and gastric arteries, constricting the 

 sac at this point as they ascend from the coeliac axis. It is 

 bounded as follows: 



In front, by the lesser omentum, containing the hepatic artery, 

 portal vein, duodenum, and the ductus communis choledochus; 



Behind, by the right cms of the diaphragm and the inferior vena 

 cava; 



Above, by the lobus Spigelii ; 



Below, by the hepatic artery. 



Reflections. The reflections of the peritoneum viewed in 

 an antero-posterior section (the greater and lesser sacs together) 

 may be traced as follows : From the diaphragm it is reflected to 

 the upper surface of the liver. Enveloping this organ, it then 

 presents a doubling or fold the gastro-hepatic omentum ex- 

 tending downward from the transverse hepatic fissure to the 



