242 HUMAN ANATOMY. 



and the cystic, about one inch in length. It empties into the 

 descending portion of the duodenum in common with the pan- 

 creatic duct, about three and one-half inches below the pylorus. 



THE DUCTLESS GLANDS. 



The following group includes the glands without ducts, of 

 unknown function, which resemble each other in structure: 



Spleen, Thymvis, 



Thyroid, Suprarenal capsules, 



Pituitary body, Glandula coccygea, 



Glandula intercarotica. 



THE SPLEEN. The spleen is a soft, very vascular, sponge- 

 like organ, situated deeply in the left hypochondriac region. It 

 varies much in size and weight, measuring about five inches in 

 length, three in width, one and one-half in thickness, and weigh- 

 ing between seven and ten ounces. 



Outer surface, smooth and convex, corresponds to the ninth, 

 tenth, and eleventh ribs, and is adapted to the inferior surface 

 of the diaphragm, to which it is connected by the suspensory 

 ligament. 



Inner surface is concave and adapted to the cardiac end 

 of the stomach, to which it is attached by the gastro-splenic 

 omentuin. 



Hilus is a vertical fissure on the concave inner surface, ad- 

 mitting the passage of blood-vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. 

 The structure consists of two coats a serous and fibro-elastic 

 coat, inclosing in its interior the spleen pulp. 



Serous coat, derived from the peritoneum, covers the entire 

 organ, except at the hilus, where it forms the gastro-splenic 

 omentum. 



Fibro-elastic coat, or tunica propria, surrounds the organ, 

 and from the hilus and periphery sends numerous fibrous bands, 

 or trabeculw, into the substance of the organ, dividing it into 

 small trabecular spaces, or areolce. 



Splenic substance, or spleen pulp, is a soft, reddish-brown 

 mass, consisting of a fine reticulum of connective-tissue cor- 

 puscles, inclosing red and white blood-corpuscles, nucleated and 

 non-nucleated cells, granular matter, etc. 



Malpighian corpuscles, or bodies, are spheroidal hyper- 

 plasiae of lymphoid tissue from the outer coat of the arterioles. 

 They are not encapsuled, vary from one-sixtieth to one-twenty- 

 fifth of an inch, and are visible in the fresh specimens to the 

 naked eye. 



