262 HUMAN ANATOMY. 



The space bounded by the pubic surface and the sides of 

 the bladder uncovered by peritoneum, filled by the recto-vesical 

 fascia, is known as the space of Retzius. 



The base, or fundus, in the male is situated upon a triangular 

 space upon the second portion of the rectum, its base formed 

 behind by the recto-vesical fold, its apex by the prostate gland, 

 and its sides by the vas deferens and vesiculae seminal es. 



In the female it is situated in contact with the cervix uteri 

 and anterior wall of the vagina, adhering closely to the latter. 

 Its upper portion has a peritoneal covering. 



The neck,, or cervix, is the contracted portion, continuous 

 with the urethra, It is encircled in the male by the prostate 

 gland, and is directed in both obliquely forward and downward. 



The ligaments of the Madder consist of five true ligaments 

 derived from the pelvic fascia and the urachus; and five false 

 ligaments derived from the peritoneum. 



The true ligaments are: 



Two anterior (pubo-prostatic), two folds of recto-vesical 

 fascia passing from the pubic symphysis to the cervix and upper 

 surface of prostate gland; 



Two lateral folds of recto-vesical fascia connecting the lat- 

 eral surfaces of prostate gland with sides of base of bladder; 



The urachus, an obliterated foetal structure, passing as a 

 fibro-muscular cord from the apex of the bladder to the um- 

 bilicus. 



The false ligaments are : 



Two posterior ligaments are peritoneal folds passing be- 

 tween sides of rectum in male, sides of uterus in female, to 

 postero-lateral surface of bladder, inclosing obliterated hypogas- 

 tric arteries, ureters, vessels, and nerves; 



Two laterals are folds of peritoneum passing from iliac fossae 

 to sides of bladder ; 



The superior is a single peritoneal fold inclosing the oblit- 

 erated hypogastric arteries from apex of bladder to umbilicus. 



The structure consists of four coats, a serous, muscular, sub- 

 mucous, and mucous. 



The serous coat is derived from the peritoneum. It covers 

 the posterior surface from the ureters to the summit, and is re- 

 flected from the sides to the walls of the pelvis and abdomen. 



The muscular coat is made up of unstriated fibres arranged 

 into three layers: 



(a) Longitudinal external layer, named the detrusor urince 

 muscle; 



(~b) Circular middle layer, forming at the neck the sphincter 

 vesicse ; 



