THE STEM. 11 



Compressed, when more or less flat on both sides. 



Two-edged, when more or less compressed, with two oppo- 

 site sharp edges. 



Three-edged, or triangular, or three-cornered. 



Four-edged, or four-cornered. 



Five-cornered. When the number of corners exceeds five, 

 the stem is described as being angular or many -cornered. 



Winged or Alate, when the edges or corners are extended 

 into thin leafy borders. 



Jointed or articulated (Fig. 14.), when formed into distinct 

 parts united by portions of smaller diameter. 



With respect to its surface, it is 



Smooth, bare, or destitute of all kinds of hairiness. 



Even, destitute of all kinds of inequality. 



Polished or Shining, smooth and reflecting light. 



Viscid or Clammy, covered with a glutinous juice. 



Scaly or Squamous, covered with scales. (Fig. 15.) 



Warty or Tuberculate, covered with small hard protube- 

 rances. 



Papillous, covered with small soft protuberances. 



Rough or Uneven, covered with inequalities of any kind, as 

 opposed to even. 



Prickly or Aculeate, covered with prickles. 



Bristly or Hispid, covered with stiff hairs. 



Shaggy, covered with very long, soft, generally white hairs. 



Woolly, covered with long, soft, interwoven, or tortuous hairs. 



Hairy or Pilose, covered with long, soft, straight hairs. 



Downy or Tomentose, covered with soft, fine hairs. 



Hoary, covered with close, white hairs, extremely fine. 

 Glaucous, covered with a pale greenish-blue mealiness, con- 

 sisting of minute particles of the nature of wax. 



Striated or Streaked, marked with parallel longitudinal lines. 

 Furrowed, Grooved or Sulcate, marked with larger alter- 

 nately prominent and depressed lines. When the lines become 

 wider the stem is Cornered or Angular. 



Internally the Stem may be 



Solid, without an internal cavity. 



Hollow, having a large internal cavity. 



Pithy, having the central part filled with spongy pith. 



There is a kind of stem, peculiar to grasses and other allied 



