THE LEAVES. 15 



Halbert-shaped (Fig. 46.), triangular, hollowed out at the 

 base and sides, with a projecting part on each side. 



Pinnatifid (Fig. 47.), cut transversely into several oblong 

 segments. 



Lyre-shaped (Fig. 48.), cut transversely into several oblong 

 segments, with a terminal segment rounded and larger than the 

 others. 



Runcinate (Fig. 49.), a leaf having numerous segments, which 

 are pointed and directed backwards. 



Pectinate or comb-like (Fig. 50.), with the segments very 

 narrow. 



Cleft (Fig. 51.), when the margins of the segments are 

 straight. 



Lobed (Fig. 52.), when the margins of the segments are 

 rounded. 



Palmate (Fig. 53.), when there are several oblong segments, 

 extending to the middle of the leaf, leaving an entire space, so 

 as to resemble a hand. 



Undivided, when there are no segments, as in Fig. 36, 37. 



With respect to the terminations, Simple Leaves are 



Blunt or obtuse (Fig. 36.), when rounded at the end. 



Abrupt (Fig. 54.), when the extremity seems as if cut off by 

 a transverse line. 



Refuse (Fig. 55.), ending in a broad shallow notch. 



Notched or Emarginate (Fig. 56.), ending with a small notch. 



Acute or Pointed (Fig. 57.), ending in a point. 



Acuminate or Taper-pointed (Fig. 58.), having a long taper- 

 ing point. 



Bristle-pointed (Fig. 59.), when terminated by a bristly 

 point. 



With respect to their margins, they are 



Entire (Fig. 36. 43.), when destitute of teeth or notches of 

 any kind on the edges. 



Toothed (Fig. 60.), having small, generally blunt protube- 

 rances on the margin, which are named teeth. 



Serrated (Fig. 61.), when the teeth are sharp, close, and 

 point in one direction, like those of a saw. 



Finely serrated or Serrulate, when the teeth are minute. 



Crenate or Notched (Fig. 62.), when the teeth are broad and 

 not directed towards either end. 



