INTRODUCTION. 



The Receptacle is the point of union of these parts, or the top 

 of the flower-stalk. 



The Nectary is various, and will be afterwards shewn. 



I. Of the Calyx. 



The Calyx or Flower-cup forms the outer part or covering' 

 of the flower. It may be of one or of several pieces or leaves, 

 and is generally of a green colour. It is sometimes wanting, in 

 which case the flower is said to be naked. Several varieties of 

 the calyx are distinguished. 



1. The Perianth or Calyx properly so called (Fig. 109, b. 

 110, a.) is contiguous to the corolla or other internal parts of 

 the flower, closely investing them. But by this term is now 

 often meant the covering of the stamen and pistils, or the Calyx 

 and the Corolla. The following varieties may be mentioned. 



A simple Calyx, when there is only one, as is generally the 

 case. 



Double (Fig. 111.), when there are two, or rather two sets 

 of leaves. 



One-leaved or of one leaf, Monophyllous, or Monosepalous, 

 the pieces or leaves of the calyx being called Sepals (Fig. 112.) 

 when it consists of a single piece, which however may be vari- 

 ously divided ; in which case the divisions are called segments, 

 and when small teeth. 



Two-, three-, four-, or five-leaved, or many-leaved, when it 

 consists of so many distinct pieces or leaves : Disepalous, Tri- 

 sepalous, Tetrasepalous, Pentasepalous, Polysepalous. 



Entire, when a one- leaved calyx has no divisions. 



Tubular, when cylindrical towards the base. 



Spreading, when the leaves or segments stand out horizon- 

 tally. 



Reflected, when they are bent back. 



Erect, when they stand upright. 



Permanent or Persistent, when it remains till the fruit is 

 ripe. 



Deciduous, when it falls off before the fruit is ripe. 



Caducous, or Fugacious, when it falls off before the corolla. 



Coloured, when of any other colour than green. 



2. The Common Calyx (Fig. 113.) is one which contains a 

 great number of flowers, which are placed so closely together 

 that the whole appears like a single flower. This kind of calyx 

 generally consists of several pieces or leaves, which are in fact 



