CL. III.] THIANDRIA MONOGYXTA. 61 



opposite to each other, transverse to the excavation, many- 

 flowered. 



42. E'LYMUS. Chaff-scales in several parallel pairs, opposite to 



the excavation, each pair containing several flowers. 



43. HO'RDEUM. Chaff-scales in three parallel pairs, opposite to 



the excavation, each pair containing one flower. 



Order III. TRIGYNIA. Three Pistils. 



45. MO'NTIA. Calyx of two leaves. Corolla of one piece. Capsule 



three-valved, three-seeded. 



47. POLYCA'RPON. Calyx of five leaves. Petals five, nearly 

 entire. Capsule three-valved, many- seeded. 



46. HOLO'STEUM. Calyx of five leaves. Petals five, jagged. 



Capsule six- toothed, many-seeded. 



TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 



1. VALERIA'NA. VALERIAN. 



Calyx a slight border surmounting the germen. Corolla of one 

 tubular petal with a protuberance or spur at the base ; limb di- 

 vided into five obtuse segments. Filaments awl-shaped, erect, 

 borne upon the corolla ; anther oblong. Germen inferior, oblong, 

 one-celled. Style thread-shaped, as long as the stamens ; stigma 

 simple. Seed oblong, compressed, crowned with the calyx ex- 

 panded into a number of feathery rays. Named from valeo, to 

 prevail, on account of its medical properties. 17. 



1. V. rubra. Red Valerian. Flowers with one stamen, and a 



long spur ; leaves broadly lance-shaped, nearly entire. From. 



one to two feet high : lower leaves shortly stalked, entire : upper 

 sessile, broader, sometimes toothed : flowers rose-coloured, nu- 

 merous, arranged in a corymbose head. Perennial : flowers from 

 June to September: grows on old walls and among rubbish in 

 various parts of the country, but is not truly indigenous. Eng. 

 Bot. vol. xx. pi. 1531. Eng. Fl. vol. i. p. 42. 53. 



2. V. dioica. Small Marsh Valerian. Flowers dioecious ; radical 



leaves egg-shaped, stem leaves pinnatifid. Root creeping : stem 



six or eight inches high, erect : terminal lobe of the leaves large : 

 flowers pale rose-coloured. Perennial : flowers in June : grows 

 in moist meadows : frequent in England, rare in Scotland. Eng. 

 Bot. vol. ix. pi. 628. Eng. Fl. vol. i. p. 43. 54. 



3. V. officindlis. Great Wild Valerian. Corolla bulging at the base ; 



leaves all pinnate ; leaflets lance-shaped, nearly uniform. From 



two to four feet high : root with long slender fibres, fetid : stem 

 furrowed : leaflets broadly serrated : flowers pale rose-colour or 

 whitish. There is a variety of smaller size, with more narrow 

 leaflets, the root of which is more fetid. Perennial : flowers in 

 June : grows by the side of lakes, in marshes, moist meadows, by 

 hedges, among rubbish, in dry pastures, and in woods : common. 

 The root has a warm bitter taste, and is employed as an antispas- 

 modic, generally in substance, although it communicates its pro- 

 perties to wine, water, or spirits. The roots of those plants which 



F 2 



