,CL, IV.] TETRAtfDRIA MONOGYNIA. 97 



Filaments hair-like, longer than the corolla ; anthers oblong, 

 fixed sidewise. Germen inferior. Style thread-like, as long as 

 the corolla ; stigma simple. Seed naked, solitary, oblong, 

 crowned with the calyx. Common receptacle conical, covered 

 with scales. Named from dipsao, to thirst, the upper leaves 

 containing water. 64. 



1. D. Fullonum. Fuller's Teasel. Leaves united, serrate ; scales 



of the receptacle hooked backwards ; involucre spreading. Root 



fleshy, tapering : stem five or six feet high, erect, furrowed, 

 prickly, branched above : leaves oblong, sessile, united at the base, 

 serrate : flowers whitish. Cultivated for the use of clothiers, who 

 employ the scales of the receptacle to raise the knap upon woollen 

 cloths. For this purpose the heads are fixed round the circum- 

 ference of a large broad wheel, which is made to turn round, and 

 the cloth is held against them. Biennial : flowers in July : grows 

 about hedges : rare. It is probably only a variety of D. sylve'stris. 

 Eng. Bot. vol. xxix. pi. 2080. Eng. Fl. vol. i. p. 192. 221. 



2. D, sylve'stris. Wild Teasel. Leaves opposite, serrate, scales 

 of the receptacle straight ; involucre bent inwards, longer than the 



head of flowers. About four feet high : leaves lance-shaped : 



heads large. Biennial : flowers in July : grows about hedges and 

 by road-sides : frequent in England ; rare in Scotland. Eng. Bot. 

 vol xv. pi. 1032. Eng. Fl. vol. i. p. 193. 222. 



3. D. pilosus. Small Teasel. Shepherd's Staff". Leaves stalked 

 with two leaflets at the base ; receptacle turned downwards, about 



the length of the head. Stem three or four feet high : flowers 



white, in small, round heads. Biennial : flowers in August and 

 September : grows in moist, shady places : rare. In Norfolk, Suf- 

 folk, and Derbyshire. Eng. Bot. vol. xiii. pi. 877. Eng. Fl. vol. i. 

 p. 193. 223. 



2. SCABIO'SA. SCABIOUS. 



Involucre many-flowered, of many spreading leaves, arranged 

 in several rows. Calyx double, the outer shortest, plaited, the 

 inner in five awl-shaped segments. Corolla of one petal, tubu- 

 lar, dilated upwards ; limb with four or five divisions. Fila- 

 ments hair-like, longer than the limb ; anthers oblong, fixed 

 sidewise. Germen inferior. Style thread-like, as long as the 

 corolla ; stigma blunt, cleft. Seed naked, solitary, crowned 

 by the calyx. Common receptacle convex, chaffy, bristly or 

 naked. Named from scabies, a cutaneous disease. 65. 



1. S. succisa. Devil's -bit Scabious. Corolla divided into four equal 

 segments ; heads of flowers nearly globular ; leaves of the stem 



distantly toothed. Root fleshy, abrupt at the lower end : stem 



about a foot high : root -leaves inversely egg-shaped, entire : stem- 

 leaves toothed or serrated, the uppermost lance-shaped, entire : 

 flowers deep purplish-blue. Perennial: flowers in June and July: 

 grows in meadows and pastures : common. " The great part of 

 the root," says Gerarde, " seemeth to be bitten away : old fantas- 

 ticke charmers report, that the divel did bite it for envie, because 

 it is an herbe that hath so many good vertues, and is so beneficial 

 to mankinde." Eng. Bot. vol. xiii. pi. 878. Eng. Fl. vol. i. p. 194. 



224. 



2. S. arvensis. Field Scabious. Corolla four-cleft ; the external 



12 



