98 TETEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. [cL. IT. 



flowers radiating; leaves pinnatifid, jagged; stem bristly. 



Boots long, branched : stem about three feet high : root-leaves 

 lance-shaped, serrated, stalked : stem-leaves pinnatifid, sessile : 

 flowers pale-purple, those of the circumference larger. Perennial : 

 flowers in July : grows in pastures, the edges of corn-fields, and 

 by road-sides : common. Eng. Bot. vol. x. pi. 659. Eng. FL vol. 

 i. p. 195. 225. 

 3. S. columbaria. Small Scabious. Corolla divided into five un- 

 equal segments : root-leaves egg-shaped, notched ; the others pin- 

 natifid, linear. Root woody: stem about a foot high: root- 

 leaves stalked, the others sessile : flowers radiating. Perennial : 

 flowers in June and July : grows in dry pastures : frequent in 

 England : rare in Scotland. Eng. Bot. vol. xix. pi. 1311. Eng. 

 Fl. vol. i. p. 195. 226. 



3. SHERA'RDIA. FIELD-MADDER. 



Calyx very small, of one leaf, six-toothed, superior. Corolla 

 of one petal, funnel-shaped, with four equal, acute segments. 

 Filaments recurved, arising from the mouth of the tube ; an- 

 thers roundish. Germen inferior, two-lobed. Style hair-like, 

 cleft at the top ; stigmas knobbed. Seeds two, roundish, rough, 

 crowned with the calyx. Named in honour of James Sherard, 

 a patron of botany. 66. 



1. S. arvensis. Little Field- madder, or Spurwort. All the leaves 



in whorls ; flowers terminal. Root small : stems numerous, 



spreading, generally decumbent : leaves six in a whorl : flowers 

 pale purplish-blue, in a sessile terminal umbel. Annual : flowers 

 from May to July : grows in corn and fallow fields : common. 

 Eng. Bot. vol. xiii. pi. 891. Eng. Fl. vol. i. p. 196. 227. 



4. ASPE'RULA. WOODRUFF. 



Calyx small, four-toothed, superior, deciduous. Corolla of 

 one petal, funnel- shaped ; tube nearly cylindrical ; limb in four 

 oblong, spreading segments. Filaments from the mouth of the 

 tube, short ; anthers two-lobed. Germen inferior, two-lobed. 

 Style thread-like, cleft ; stigmas knobbed. Seeds two, ad- 

 hering together, not crowned by the calyx. Named from asper, 

 rough. 67. 



1. A. odordta. Sweet Woodruff. Leaves eight in a whorl, lance- 

 shaped ; panicles stalked ; few-flowered. Stems simple, about 



a foot high : leaves spreading, rough at the edges : flowers white. 

 The plant in drying emits a pleasant odour, resembling that of 

 new hay. Perennial : flowers in May : grows in woods and shady 

 places : common. Eng. Bot. vol. xi. pi. 755. Eng. Fl. vol. i. p. 

 197. 228. 



2. A. Cynan'chica. Squinancy Wort. Small Woodruff. Leaves 

 four in a whorl, linear, the upper ones very unequal ; flowers four- 

 cleft. Stems about six inches high : flowers white in terminal 



panicles. Perennial : flowers in June and July : grows on dry 

 banks, in various parts of England. Eng. Bot. vol. i. pi. 33. Eng. 

 Fl. vol. i. p. 198. 229. 



5. GA'LIUM. BED-STRAW. 



Calyx very small, four-toothed, superior. Corolla of one 

 petal, wheel-shaped, with four acute divisions. Filaments from 

 the base of the corolla, awl-shaped, shorter than the limb ; an- 



