198 DECANDEIA DIGYNIA. [CL. X. 



shaped, divided in a pedate manner into seven lobes ; panicle cy- 

 mose, many-flowered : calyx superior, with narrow lance-shaped 



segments. Stems about six inches high, panicled at the top : 



flowers white, small, erect. Perennial: flowers in May: said to 

 have been found on the mountains of Clova, in Angus-shire, by the 

 late Mr. Don, but gathered by no one else. Eng. Bot. vol. xxxii. 

 pi. 2278. Eng. FL vol. ii. p. 280. 652. 



7. SCLERANTHTJS. KNAWEL. 



Calyx inferior, of one leaf, tubular, with five shallow acute 

 clefts, permanent, contracted at the neck. Corolla none Fila- 

 ments from five to ten, awl-shaped, erect ; anthers roundish, 

 two-lobed. Germen superior, roundish. Styles thread-shaped, 

 spreading, as long as the stamens ; stigmas simple, downy. 

 Capsule egg-shaped, one-celled. Seeds two, convex on one 

 side, flat on the other. Named from scleros, hard, and anthos, 

 a flower. 227. 



1. S. dnnuus. Annual Knawel. Calyx of the fruit with acute 



spreading segments ; stems spreading. Roots small, tapering : 



stems numerous, branched, and many-flowered above : leaves linear, 

 acute, united at the base by a membranous fringed border : flowers 

 small, green. Annual : flowers in July : grows in dry fields : 

 common. Eng. Bot. vol. v. pi. 351. Eng. FL vol. ii.p. 282. 653. 



2. S. perennis. Perennial Knawel. Calyx of the fruit with obtuse 

 converging segments ; stems procumbent. Eoot woody, branched : 

 stems numerous, decumbent or prostrate, three or four inches long : 

 leaves linear, tapering. Perennial : flowers in the autumnal months : 

 grows in open dry fields. Eng. Bot. vol. v. pi. 352. Eng. Fl. vol. 

 ii. p. 283. 654. 



8. SAPONA'BIA. SOAP- WORT. 



Calyx inferior, of one leaf, tubular, with five teeth, perma- 

 nent. Petals five, with narrow angular claws, as long as the 

 calyx, the limb flat, dilated towards the end. Filaments awl- 

 shaped, as long as the calyx ; anthers oblong, obtuse. Germen 

 nearly cylindrical. Styles two, erect, parallel, as long as the 

 stamens ; stigmas acute, downy. Capsule oblong, one-celled, 

 concealed in the calyx. Seeds numerous, roundish. Named 

 from sapo, soap. 228. 



1. /S. officindlis. Common Soap-wort. Calyx cylindrical, leaves 



spear-shaped, inclining to elliptical. A nearly smooth, somewhat 



succulent plant: stems about eighteen inches high, panicled in the 

 upper part : flowers erect, flesh-coloured or white. The whole 

 plant is bitter. When bruised and agitated in water it raises a 

 lather like soap, which washes greasy spots out of clothes. Peren- 

 nial : flowers in August and September : grows in meadows arid in 

 shady places, but is not indigenous. Eng. Bot, vol. xv. pi. 1060. 

 Eng. FL vol. ii. p. 284. 655. 



9. DIA'NTHUS. PINK. 



Calyx inferior, of one leaf, cylindrical, striated, permanent, 

 with five teeth at the mouth, and two or more pairs of opposite 

 imbricated scales at the base. Petals five, their claws as long 



