304 SYNGENESIA. [CL. XI X 



3. SO'NCHTJS. Receptacle naked, dotted. Seed-down simple, 



sessile. Calyx imbricated, simple, swelled at the base. 

 11. LAPSA'NA. Receptacle naked. Seed-down none. Calyx 

 haying scales at the base. 



** Corollas all tubular, generally spreading so as to form 

 a hemispherical head. 



18. CARLI'NA. Receptacle chaffy. Seed-down feathery. Calyx 



swelling ; the outer scales thorny ; the inner coloured, po- 

 lished, membranous. 



13. A'RCTIUM. Receptacle chaffy. Seed-down simple. Calyx 

 globose, imbricated; the scales thorny, hooked, inflected. 



15. CA'EDUUS. Receptacle hairy. Seed-down simple, roughish, 



deciduous. Calyx swelled, imbricated ; the scales thorny. 



16. CNI'CTJS. Receptacle hairy. Seed-down feathery,- deciduous. 



Calyx swelled, imbricated ; the scales thorny. 



17. ONOPO'RDUM. Receptacle cellular, somewhat chaffy. Seed- 



down rough, deciduous. Calyx swelled; scales thorny, spread- 

 ing. 



H. SERRA'TULA. Receptacle chaffy. Seed-down stiff, persistent. 

 Calyx nearly cylindrical, imbricated ; the scales thornless. 

 (Centaurea Jacea.) 



*** Corollas all tubular, parallel, crowded, forming nearly 

 a level surface at the top. 



19. BI'DENS. Receptacle chaffy. Seed-down rough with reversed 



prickles. Calyx of many parallel, channelled scales. Corolla 

 sometimes radiated. 



22. DIO'TIS. Receptacle chaffy, with hair-tipped scales. Seed- 



down none. Calyx imbricated, hemispherical. Corollas with 

 two ears bordering the seed. 



20. EUPATO'RIUM. Receptacle naked. Seed-down rough. Calyx 



imbricated, oblong. Style cleft half-way down, protruded. 



21. CHRYSO'COMA. Receptacle naked. Seed-down rough. Calyx 



scarcely longer than the corolla. 



(Tenacetum. Senecio vulgar is. Aster Tripolium. Anthemis nobilis.) 



Order II. POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 



Florets all fertile, those of the disk furnished with five 

 stamens and one pistil, those of the circumference with a 

 pistil alone. 



* Corollas of the marginal florets obsolete or inconspicuous. 



23. TENACE'TUM. Receptacle naked. Seed with a membranous 



crown. Calyx imbricated, hemispherical. Marginal florets 

 three- cleft, obsolete, sometimes wanting. 



26. CONY'ZA. Receptacle naked. Seed-down rough. Calyx im- 

 bricated, roundish. Marginal florets three -cleft. 



25. GNAPHA'LIUM. Receptacle naked. Seed-down rough or 

 feathery. Calyx imbricated, with membranous, coloured 

 scales. Marginal florets awl-shaped* 



24. ARTEMISIA. Receptacle naked or^iairy. Seed-down none. 



Calyx imbricated, with rounded converging scales. Marginal 

 florets awl- shaped, entire. 



(Tussilago Farfara and hybrida.) 



