CL. XIX.] SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^EQTJALIS. 307 



hairy : flowers bright- yellow. Biennial : flowers in July and Au- 

 gust: grows on dry banks and in the borders of fields : frequent. 

 Eng. Bot. vol. iii. pi. 196. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 340. 1108. 



3 SO'NCHUS." SOW-THISTLE. 



Common calyx swelled at the base, of numerous linear, im- 

 bricated, unequal scales. Compound corolla imbricated, uni- 

 form : florets numerous, perfect, equal, strap-shaped, abrupt, 

 with four or five teeth. Filaments five, hair-like, very short ; 

 anthers united into a cylindrical tube. Germen somewhat in- 

 versely egg-shaped. Style thread-shaped, as long as the stamens ; 

 stigmas two, reflected. Seeds oblong, roughish, inclosed by 

 the permanent calyx, which converges into a globular, pointed 

 form : seed- down of many simple hairs, sessile. Receptacle 

 naked, dotted. Name, from somphos, soft. 368. 



1. S. alpinus. Blue Alpine Sow-thistle. Flower-stalks and calyx 

 bristly, leaves somewhat lyre-shaped, their terminal lobe triangular 



and very large. Stems three feet high, erect, furrowed, smooth 



below, hairy above , flowers large, numerous, purplish-blue. Pe- 

 rennial: flowers in July and August: grows in rocky places, in 

 Glen Dole and Glenlsla, Forfarshire. Eng. Bot. vol. xxxiv. pi. 2425. 

 Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 341 . 1 109. 



2. S.palustris. Tall Marsh Sow-thistle. Flower-stalks and calyx 

 bristly, somewhat umbellate ; leaves runcinate, rough-edged, arrow- 

 shaped at the base Stem from four to eight feet high, angular, 



hollow : leaves large, smooth : panicles terminal, somewhat um- 

 bellate : flowers pale-yellow. Perennial : flowers in July and Au- 

 gust : grows in marshy places and on the banks of rivers, in Eng- 

 land: rare. Eng. Bot. vol. xiii. pi. 935. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 342. 



1110. 



3. S. arvensis. Corn Sow-thistle. Flower- stalks and calyx bristly, 

 somewhat umbellate ; leaves runcinate, finely toothed,heart-shaped, 



at the base ; root creeping. Stem three or four feet high, round, 



hollow, rough above with black hairs : flowers large, deep-yellow. 

 Perennial : flowers in August : grows in corn-fields and hedges : 

 common. Eng. Bot. vol. x. pi. 674. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 342. 1111. 



4. S. olerdceus. Common Sow-thistle. Flower- stalks cottony, cy- 

 mose ; calyx smooth ; leaves runcinate, toothed. -Stem from one 

 to two feet high, round, Isrnooth, hollow : corolla pale-yellow. Sub- 

 ject to numberless variations, but in all its states easily distinguish- 

 able. Annual : flowers from June to October : grows in cultivated 

 ground, the borders of fields, waste places, and hedges: common. 

 Eng. Bot. vol. xii. pi. 843. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 343. 1112. 



4. LACTU'CA. LETTUCE. 



Common calyx cylindrical, of numerous, pointed, imbricated, 

 unequal, flat scales, membranous at the margin. Compound 

 corolla imbricated, uniform ; florets numerous, perfect, equal, 

 strap-shaped, abrupt, with four or five teeth. Filaments hair- 

 like, very short ; anthers united into a cylindrical tube. Germen 

 somewhat egg-shaped. Style thread-shaped, as long as the 

 stamens ; stigmas two, reflected. Seeds egg-shaped, furrowed, 



