CL. XIX.] SYNGENESTA POLYGAMIA .^QTJALIS. 315 



Stem about three feet high, branched, furrowed : leaves hoary 



beneath : flowers axillar, purple. Biennial : flowers in July and 

 August: grows in pastures and waste ground: common. The 

 calyx is at first more or less covered with a substance resembling 

 cobwebs, which after wards, especially in rainy weather, disappears. 

 When it is smooth, the plant has been named A. Lappa ; when 

 downy, A. Bardana. Eny. Bot. vol. xviii. pi. 1228, and vol. xxxv. pi. 

 2478. .E^. Fl. vol. iii. p. 380, 381. 1148. 



14. SEKRATULA. SAW-WORT. 



Common calyx oblong, nearly cylindrical, imbricated, of nu- 

 merous lance-shaped scales, permanent. Compound corolla 

 uniform, of numerous, perfect, equal, funnel-shaped florets, 

 their limb divided into five equal segments. Filaments hair- 

 like, very short ; anthers united into a cylindrical tube, as long 

 as the corolla. Germen inversely egg-shaped. Style thread- 

 shaped, as long as the stamens ; stigmas oblong, reflected. 

 Seed inversely egg-shaped, somewhat angular ; seed-down ses- 

 sile, rough or feathery, permanent. Receptacle chaffy, or 

 hairy, flat. Name from serra, a saw. 379. 



1 . S. tinctoria. Common Saw-wort. Leaves pinnatifid, somewhat 

 lyre-shaped, with bristly serratures ; seed-down roughish. 

 Stem two or three feet high, erect, stiff, branched at the top : 

 flowers purple. Is used for dyeing cloth yellow. Perennial : 

 flowers in July and August : grows in woods, thickets, and pas- 

 tures : frequent. Eng. Bot. vol.i. pi. 38. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 382. 



1149. 



2. S. alpina. Alpine Saw-wort. Leaves undivided, broadly lance- 

 shaped, toothed, cottony beneath ; calyx hairy ; seed-down fea- 

 thery. Stems nearly a foot high, erect, unbranched, woolly : 



flowers purple, large. Perennial : flowers in July and August : 

 grows on the sides of mountains in Scotland and Wales : frequent. 

 Eng. Bot. vol. ix. pi. 599. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 383. 1150. 



15. CA'EDUUS. THISTLE. 



Common calyx swelled, imbricated, of numerous, lance- 

 shaped, thorn -pointed scales, permanent. Compound corolla 

 uniform, of very numerous, perfect, equal, tubular florets, with 

 a slender recurved tube, the limb egg-shaped at the base, with 

 five linear segments, one of which is a little distant from the 

 rest. Filaments hair-like, very short j anthers united into a 

 five-toothed cylindrical tube, about the same length as the co- 

 rolla. Germen inversely heart-shaped. Style thread-shaped, 

 longer than the corolla ; stigma undivided or cleft, oblong. 

 Seed inversely egg-shaped, unequally four-cornered, with a 

 slender cylindrical point ; seed- down sessile, hair-like, rough, 

 very long. Receptacle flat, hairy. Name used by the Romans. 



380. 

 * Leaves decurrent. 



\.C.nutans. Musk Thistle. Leaves interruptedly decurrent; 

 flowers solitary, drooping ; scales of the calyx lance- shaped, cot- 

 tony, their upper part spreading. Stem two or three feet high, 



