318 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^QTJALIS. fCL. XIX. 



anthers united into a five-toothed, cylindrical tube. Germen 

 inversely egg-shaped, short. Style thread-shaped, longer than 

 the stamens; stigma oblong, notched. Seed inversely egg- 

 shaped, pointed, smooth; seed-down hair-like, sessile, rough, 

 deciduous. Receptacle convex, fleshy, deeply cellular, some- 

 what chaffy. Name from onos, an ass. 382. 

 1. O. Acdntkium. Common Cotton-thistle. Scales of the calyx 

 awl- shaped, spreading in every direction ; leaves oblong, inclining 



to egg-shaped, sinuated, woolly on both sides. Stem four or five 



feet high, branched, woolly: flowers large, purple. Biennial: 

 flowers in July and August : grows in waste ground, and by roads 

 and hedges: frequent. Eng. Bot. vol. xiv. pi. 977. Eng. FL vol. iii. 

 p. 395. 1163. 



18. CAKLI'NA. CARLINE-THISTLE. 



Common calyx cylindrical, somewhat swelled, imbricated, of 

 numerous, loose, acute, permanent scales, the innermost much 

 longer, linear, coloured, spreading horizontally ; the outer thorn- 

 pointed. Compound corolla uniform, flat, with numerous, 

 equal, funnel-shaped florets ; their limb deeply divided into 

 five erect segments. Filaments hair-like, very short ; anthers 

 united into a cylindrical tube, each with two deflected bristles 

 at the base. Germen inversely egg-shaped. Style thread- 

 shaped, as long as the anthers ; stigma oblong. Seed conical, 

 abrupt, roughish ; seed-down partly chaffy, partly feathery, 

 permanent. Receptacle flat, covered with linear, chaffy scales, 

 many-cleft at the top. Named after Carolus Magnus, Charle- 

 magne. 383. 



1. C. nulgdris. Common Carline-thistle. Stem corymbose, many- 

 flowered ; flowers terminal ; outer scales of the calyx pinnatifid. 



Stem about a foot high, erect, downy: leaves lance-shaped, sinu- 

 ated, bordered with prickles : flowers red. The flowers, which 

 expand in dry weather, and close before rain, retain this property 

 after they are dried, and are used as hygrometers. Biennial: 

 flowers in June : grows in dry sandy pastures and fields : frequent. 

 Eng. Bot. vol. xvi. pi. 1144. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 397. 1164. 



19. BIDENS. BUR-MARIGOLD. 



Common calyx erect, of several oblong, nearly equal, parallel 

 scales, concave or channelled on the back. Compound corolla 

 level at the top, of several parallel, perfect, tubular, equal 

 florets; their limb egg-shaped, with five marginal, spreading 

 segments. Filaments hair-like, very short ; anthers united into 

 a cylindrical tube. Germen oblong, compressed, with bristly 

 erect points on its outside. Style thread-shaped, as long as the 

 stamens; stigmas oblong, reflected. Seed angular, abrupt, 

 beaked with two or more bristles, which are rough with de- 

 flected prickles. Receptacle flat, covered with erect, chaffy, 

 oblong, deciduous scales. Name from bis, double, and dens, a 

 tooth. 384. 



1. B. cernua. Nodding Bur-marigold. Leaves lance-shaped, ser- 

 rate; flowers drooping; bracteaslance-shaped, g nearly equal; bristles 



