CL. XIX.] SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA FRTJSTKANEA. 333 



* Scales of the calyx jagged or fringed, 



1. C. Jacea. Brown Knapweed, Scales of the calyx membranous, 

 torn, the lower ones pinnatifid ; leaves between lance-shaped and 



linear, root-leaves broader, toothed ; flowers with rays. Sterna 



foot high, erect, angular, branched : flowers solitary, terminal, 

 light-crimson, on tumid stalks : scales of the calyx brown, the 

 outer deeply pinnatifid, the inner terminating in a light-brown, 

 jagged lobe. Perennial : flowers in August and September : grows 

 in meadows and moist woods : found in Sussex, by Mr. Borrer : in 

 Angus-shire, by Mr. D. Don. Eng. Bot. vol. xxiv. pi. 1768. Eng. 

 Fl. vol. iii. p. 464. 1223. 



2. C.nigra. Black Knapweed. Scales of the calyx lance-shaped, 

 fringed at the tip with hair-like teeth ; lower leaves lyre- shaped ; 

 upper ones between egg-shaped and lance-shaped ; flowers without 



rays. Stem from two or three feet high, woolly when young, 



afterwards rough : leaves rough : scales of the calyx tipped with 

 an egg-shaped membranous expansion of a dark-brown colour, 

 fringed with long linear teeth : flowers purple. Perennial : flowers 

 in July and August : grows in dry pastures : common. Eng. Bot. 

 vol. iv. pi. 278. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 465. 1224. 



3. C. Cydnus. Corn Blue-bottle. Scales of the calyx serrate ; 



leaves linear, entire, the lower ones toothed towards their base. 



Stem two or three feet high, slender, branched, loosely cottony, as 

 are the leaves : flowers numerous, solitary : florets of the disk large, 

 and of a bright-blue, those of the ray short and purplish. Annual : 

 flowers in July and August : grows in corn-fields : common. Eng. 

 Bot. vol. iv. pL 277. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 466. 1225. 



4. C. Scabiosa. Greater Knapweed. Scales of the calyx egg- 

 shaped, fringed, somewhat downy ; leaves pinnatifid, with lance- 

 shaped, acute segments. Stem three feet high, erect, branched, 



angular : flowers terminal, solitary, large, crimson : scales of the 

 calyx black and triangular at the end, fringed with pale bristles. 

 Perennial: flowers in July and August : grows in dry pastures and 

 corn-fields : frequent. Eng. Bot. vol. i. pi. 56. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. 

 p. 467. 1226. 



** Scales of the calyx palmate and thorny. 



5. C. Isndrdi. Jersey Star-thistle. Scales of the calyx with 

 palmate spines ; leaves oblong, toothed or pinnatifid, roughish, 

 slightly embracing the stem ; flowers terminal, solitary, leafy at 



the base. Stems about eight inches long, branched, recumbent : 



flowers light -purple. Perennial : flowers in July and August : 

 grows in pastures in Guernsey : rare. Eng. Bot. pi. 2256. Eng. 

 Fl. vol. iii. p. 468. 12,27. 



*** Scales of the calyx with compound thorns. 



6. C. Calcitrapa. Common Star-thistle. Flowers sessile ; scales 

 of the calyx with branched thorns ; leaves s pinnatifid, toothed ; 



stem hairy. Stem short, spreading, much "branched, furrowed : 



flowers rose-coloured : scales of the calyx terminating in a large 

 channelled thorn, fringed at the base with smaller prickles : the 

 filaments contract when touched. Annual: flowers in July and 

 August : grows in dry pastures and by roads, in various parts of 

 England. Eng. Bot. vol. ii. pi. 125. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 468. 1228. 



7. C. solstitidlis. St. Barnaby's Thistle. Flowers terminal, so- 



2F 



