CL. XXII.] D1CECIA MONADELPHIA. 383 



its lower part, being the points of the calyx now united to the 

 fruit, and three small teeth at the summit, originating from the 

 petals. Seeds oblong, hard, convex externally, angular inter- 

 nally. Name fromjenepre, in Celtic, rough. 457. 

 \.J.communis. Common Juniper. Leaves three in each whorl, 

 thorn-pointed, spreading, longer than the ripe fruit ; stem erect. 



A shrub, from two to five feet high, with very numerous 



branches : leaves linear, channelled and glaucous above : convex 

 and keeled beneath : three in each whorl : flowers axillar, sessile, 

 small : berries globular, bluish-black, sweetish, with a strong taste 

 of turpentine. The berries are used in Holland in the distillation 

 of gin. In this country oil of turpentine is employed for the same 

 purpose. Flowers in May : grows on dry heaths : common. Eng, 

 Bot. vol. xvi. pi. 1100. Eng. Fl. vol. iv. p. 251. 1453. 



2. J. ndna. Dwarf Alpine Juniper. Leaves three in each whorl, 

 thorn-pointed, ascending, as long as the ripe fruit ; stem recum- 

 bent. A smallshrub with prostrate stems:: leaves more or less 



curved : berries much larger and more oval than in the other spe- 

 cies, of which some consider it as a variety. Flowers in May : 

 grows on the higher mountains of Scotland : very abundant in the 

 outer Hebrides, nearly as low as the level of the sea. Eng. Fl. vol. 

 iv. p. 252. 1454. 



14. TA'XUS. YEW. 



Barren Flowers. Calyx none ; excepting a bud. Corolla 

 none. Filaments numerous, united at their lower part into a 

 column longer than the bud ; anthers depressed, with eight 

 rounded segments, opening all round the base, afterwards be- 

 coming flat and peltate. 



Fertile Flowers. Calyx minute, inferior, cup-shaped, after- 

 wards enlarged, permanent. Corolla none. Germen superior., 

 egg-shaped, acute. Style none ; stigma obtuse. Berry formed 

 of the enlarged, pulpy, coloured calyx. Seed one, oblong, 

 projecting beyond the enlarged calyx. Name from tozos, an 

 arrow, because that weapon was anciently poisoned with its 

 juice. 458. 



1. T. baccdta* Common Yew. Leaves two-rowed, linear, crowded. 



A tree with deciduous bark, and horizontal branches : leaves 



dark-green, smooth and shining above, paler beneath: flowers 

 axillar, solitary, each from an imbricated bud: berries scarlet. 

 The wood is hard and tough, and is used for cabinet-work : the 

 leaves are fetid and poisonous : the berries have a sweetish taste, 

 and may be eaten with safety. It bears clipping, and forms excel- 

 lent hedges. Flowers in March and April : grows on rocky places 

 in Cumberland and Westmoreland : very rare in Scotland. Eng. 

 Bot. voL xi. pi. 746. Eng. Fl. vol. iv. p. 253, 1455. 



