334 TIPULIDA. 



Caput transversum. Oculi rotundi, remoti. Eostrum breviusculum, 

 crassum, antice superne acuininatum. Palpi 4-articulati, cylindrici, 

 incurvi, pubescentes ; articulus primus brevior ; secundus et tertius 

 aequales, subclavati ; quartus longissimus, angustior. Antenna3 13- 

 articulatae, porrectae; articulus primus subcylindricus; secundus parvus 

 globosus aut brevi-cyathiforrais ; tertius oblongus, interdum difformis ; 

 tredecimus minor, simplex. Prothorax distinctus, elevatus. Thorax 

 convexus. Alae mediocres, divaricate. Abdomen segmentis octo, 

 crassiusculum. Pedes modice longi, validi, inermes ; coxae breves ; 

 tibias apice bicalcaratae. Mas. Antennae pectinatae, thorace vix bre- 

 viores. Abdomen cylindricum ; anus elevatus, clavatus, varie appen- 

 diculatus. Fcem. Antennae simplices, breviores. Abdomen lanceolatum 

 vel fusiforme, ano plerumque elongate, stylis 2, subensiformibus. 

 Body large, oblong, robust, nearly smooth, generally shining. Head 

 transverse. Eyes round, remote. Proboscis thick, rather short, pointed 

 above in front. Palpi four-jointed, cylindrical, curved, decumbent, pu- 

 bescent ; second and third joints of equal length, subclavate, longer 

 than the first ; fourth very long, more slender. Antennae thirteen-jointed, 

 porrect ; first joint nearly cylindrical ; second small, globose or short- 

 cyathiform ; third oblong, occasionally distorted ; thirteenth smaller than 

 the others. Prothorax distinct, elevated. Thorax convex, elongate- 

 oval. Wings moderately broad, divaricate, lanceolate ; mediastinal vein 

 ending in a transverse veinlet by the stigma at a little beyond two-thirds 

 of the length of the wing ; subcostal ending at five-sixths of the length, 

 connected by a veinlet at the tip of the stigma with the radial ; radial 

 and cubital springing from a common petiole, which they much exceed 

 in length, and which proceeds from the subcostal at half the length of 

 the wing ; cubital forming near its base an angle, which emits to the 

 third extern o^nedial a transverse veinlet ; this also forms an angle 

 whence proceeds the first externo-medial ; the latter is forked at half 

 its length or before, and near its fork is connected again with the third 

 externo-medial by an oblique veinlet whose middle emits the second 

 externo-medial ; another oblique veinlet connects the third externo- 

 medial with the subanal ; anal and axillary veins complete ; discal areolet 

 pentagonal. Abdomen with eight segments, rather thick. Legs mo- 

 derately long, stout, unarmed ; coxas short ; tibiae with two spurs at 

 the tips. Male. Antennae pectinated, hardly shorter than the thorax ; 

 tip elevated, clavate, and with various appendages. Fern. Antennae 

 simple, shorter than those of the male. Abdomen lanceolate, or fusi- 

 form, generally elongated and attenuated towards the tip, with two 

 subensifonn styles. 



The Ctenopkora inhabit woods ; they excel the other Tipulida 

 in their robust structure, their bright colours, and in the rapidity 

 of their flight. The larvae feed in decayed trees. 



a. Male. Antennae with alternate long and short branches ; the long 

 branches not much longer than the short ones. Fern. Antennae not 



