36 INSECTS AFFECTING THE ORANGE. 



and for a time believed that it Lad been introduced from Australia with, 

 this tree. Many trees were found the leaves of which were completely 

 covered with the scales, appearing as if they had been coated with 

 whitewash. Leaves of magnolia were received from Mr. 0. U. Dwinelle, 

 Berkeley, Gal., which were infested to a similar extent. The following 

 is a list of the plants upon which I have studied this species: Acacia, 

 Magnolia, oleander, inn pic, Yucca, plum, cherry, currant, and Melia 

 (Mel la azcderadi) in California; oleander in Utah; English ivy in a 

 conservatory at Ithaca, N. Y. ; ivy and u China tree" from Dr. II. S. 

 Turner, Fort George, Fla.; grass and clover growing in pots with orunge 

 trees upon which I was rearing tho scale at this Department; lemons 

 imported from the Mediterranean by a San Francisco dealer; and 

 lemons forwarded to me by Mr. Alex. Craw from the grove of Mr. Wolf- 

 kill, ut Los Angeles, Cal. 



u The scales upon magnolia from Berkeley, Cal., and upon oleander 

 from Salt Lake City appear somewhat different from those on acacia and 

 other plants. But after a very careful study of the different forms from 

 each plant, I am unable to point out any character which will distinguish 

 those on magnolia and oleander from others. 



a Specimens of infested lemons from Europe were forwarded to me at 

 Washington by the editor of the Riverside Press and Horticulturist, who 

 had received them from a correspondent in San Francisco, who had 

 imported them from the Mediterranean. Notwithstanding the great 

 distance (once across the Atlantic and twice across the continent) which 

 this fruit had been transported, the insects infesting it were alive and in 

 a healthy condition. This illustrates the ease with which these insects 

 may spread from one country to another, and the dangers attending 

 the introduction of foreign fruit and nursery stock. 



u The appearance of this pest upon citrus fruits in Southern California 

 is greatly to be regretted, for the species is already so common on other 

 plants that it may be difficult to keep the orange groves free from it. 

 The fact, however, that it infests acacia, oleander, and other plants to 

 such a great extent, and has been observed but few times in this country 

 on citrus fruits, maybe taken as an indication that it is not liable to 

 multiply to any great extent upon oranges and lemons. 



" In the specimens which I have seen the leaves of the lemon were not 

 infested, but the scales were very abundant on the fruit. 



" The young of this insect which were found on ivy in Florida were 

 colonized on an orange tree in the breeding-room of the Department. 

 When one day old the larvae had settled and commenced excreting a 

 covering; when four days old this covering was quite dense; on the 

 twentieth day some larvae molted, and on the twenty-eighth day the 

 second molt. occurred. It was observed that this molt was accomplished 

 by a splitting of the skin at the sides of the body, so that the dorsal 

 half of the skin became attached to the scale and the ventral half to the 

 leaf. Soon ai'ter this molt all the specimens died. This was an indica- 

 tion that this species could not mature upon the orange. But a very 



