IV TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER IV. 



Page. 



LECANIN.E THE NAKED OR WAXY SCALES 48 



General characters and life-history of the subfamily; the Turtle-back 

 Scale ; Broad Scale, 48 growth ; habits, 49 broods ; honey-dew and 

 ants ; parasites, 50 the Black Scale of California, 53 the Hemispherical 

 Scale, 55 the Wax Scale, 56 the Barnacle Scale, 59 extent of injuries 

 and relative importance of the species, 61 smut, 62. 



CHAPTER V. 

 COGGING THE MEALY-BUGS 63 



Characteristics of the subfamily ; food plants, 63 the Destructive Mealy- 

 bug, 64 the Cottony Cushion Scale, 66. 



CHAPTER VI. 



INSECTS PREYING UPON BARK-LICE 69 



Enumeration of external enemies ; work of Mites, 69 internal parasites ; 

 ants as friends and enemies, 70 Lady- birds, 71 parasites of the Lady- 

 birds, 74 the Scale-eating Epitragus, 75 the Scale-eating Dakruma, 76 

 the Pale Dakruma ; the Scale-eating Tineid, 77 the Spider-legged Sol- 

 dier-bug, 78 hemipterous enemies of the Mealy-bug, 79 Lace-wings, 

 80 predatory Mites, 81 Glover's Mite, 82 the -Hairy Mite ; the Spear- 

 head Mite; the Spotted Mite, 83 Mites preying on Mealy-bug, 84 Long- 

 bodied Mite ; the Orbicular Mite, 85. 



CHAPTER VII. 



MEANS OF DEFENSE AGAINST SCALE-INSECTSREMEDIES 86 



Introduction of Scale-insects upon imported plants, 86 infection from 

 nursery stock, 87 protection afforded by hedges and trees, 88 plants 

 available for hedges ; benefits of inside pruning and cleanliness, 89 

 scrubbing the trunks ; palmetto brushes, 90 ineffectual popular reme- 

 dies ; fumes of sulphur fatal to the plant ; impossibility of introducing 

 insecticides into the sap through the roots, 91 or by inoculation ; fight- 

 ing Scale with fertilizers ; effective remedies ; kerosene ; milk and kero- 

 sene emulsion, 92 soap and kerosene emulsion ; unrefined kerosene in- 

 jurious; effect of kerosene upon the Orange, 94 applications best made in 

 spring; whale-oil soap, 95 potash and soda lyes, 96 carbolic acid, 97 

 sulphurated lime, 98 bisulphide of carbon ; sulphuric acid ; sulphate of 

 iron ; ammonia ; silicate of soda, 99 various common remedies of little 

 value ; the application of remedies ; fineness and force of spray ; cy- 

 clone nozzle, 100 complete outfit mounted on a cart ; necessity of re- 

 peated applications, 101 proper seasons for applying remedies, 102. 



PAET II. MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS AFFECTING THE 



ORANGE. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



RUST OF THE ORANGE 105 



Nature of rust; discoloration of the fruit ; not produced by a fungus, 

 105 origin of rust ; reasons for considering it the work of a Mite ; the 

 Mite on the leaves ; first appearance on the fruit, 106 attacks of the 

 Mite always followed by rust ; development of rust subsequent to the 

 departure of the Mites ; description of the Rust-mite, 107 growth from 

 the egg to the adult, 108 food, habits, and numerical abundance, 109 



