TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Tago. 



LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL vii 



LETTER OF SUBMITTAL '.. ix 



INTRODUCTION. 



INJURIES BY INSECTS DISTINGUISHED FROM ORGANIC DISEASE 1 



Diseases affecting the condition of the plant ; die-back, 1 bark -fungus, 

 2 foot-rot; sinut, 3 splitting of fruit, 4 dropping of fruit, 5. 



THE INSECT FAUNA or THE ORANGE 5 



Attraction which the orange tree has for insects, 5 injurious insects ; ben- 

 eficial insects, 6 innocuous insects ; importance of distinguishing friends 

 from foes, 7 presence of .certain injurious insects indicated by ants, 8. 



SYSTEMS OF CULTIVATION 8 



Influence of shade upon the increase of insect pests, 8 clean culture or 

 mulching preferable to cropping young groves ; seasons of greatest in- 

 sect activity, 9 the proper months for applying remedies, 10. 



PAET I. COCCID^ [SCALE INSECTS OK BAKK-LICE]. 



CHAPTER I. 



CHARACTERS OF THE COCCID^ AND COMMENCEMENT OF THE CONSIDERATION 



OF THE SUBFAMILY DIASPIN^E , 13 



General characters of Bark-lice and their relations to other insects; prod- 

 ucts of Bark-lice, 13 division into subfamilies, 14 life-history of the 

 Diaspinse : the larva, 15 growth of the scale, 16 the females; the 

 males, 17 periods of development ; nature of the scale-covering, 18 

 Long Scale, 19 life-history, 21 broods, 22 parasites, 23 origin and 

 spread, 24. 



CHAPTER II. 



DIASPIN.E Continued 26 



Purple Scale, 26 Red Scale of Florida, 28 Red Scale of California, 32 

 White Scale, 35 Chaff Scale, 37 the Orange Chionaspis, 40. 



CHAPTER III. 



DIASPIN.E Continued RAVAGES OF THE ARMORED SCALES 42 



Bark-lice everywhere present in orange groves, 42 relative importance of 

 the several species as pests; agencies which assist their distribution, 

 43 influence of the wind, 44 enfeebled condition of the plant favorable 

 to their increase ; usual course of the pest, 45 the popular belief that 

 the scales are thrown off at the ends of the branches ; influence of cli- 

 mate, 46 effect of frost ; natural checks, 47. 



in 



