THE CHAFF SCALE OF THE ORANGE. 37 



careful study of the form from Florida lias failed to reveal any character 

 by which it can be separated from that living on lemon in California. 



" Although I failed to ascertain the time occupied by a single genera- 

 tion, the following notes indicate that there are at least two each year, 

 and probably more. On the 13th of April, 1880, specimens of magnolia 

 leaves were received from Berkeley, (Jal., infested by this insect. The 

 eggs were hatching from this date till 27th April. During this time (22d 

 April) leaves of ivy were received from Florida, upon which were scales 

 and newly hatched young of this species. On (he 21st of May other 

 Specimens were received from Florida; of these the females were about 

 one halt grown, and the males were in the pupa state. 



u Ou the 24th of August I observed again at Los Angeles, Cal., the 

 eggs of this species. 



"During April adult males emerged in my breeding cages from both the 

 California (Berkeley) and Florida specimens. And during August the 

 males were again flying at Los Angeles, Cal, 



"In conservatories there is apparently no regularity in the periods ot 

 this insect; for specimens of all stages, from the egg to the adult, may 

 be observed at the same time." 



CHAFF SCALE. 

 (Parlatnria pergandii Comstock.) 



[Plate V, and Figs. 8 and 9.] 

 Scale of Female. This is a thin, light colored 

 scale, less than half as long as either of the Myti- 

 laspis scales. It is more or less circular, usually 

 somewhat pointed, and less curved upon one side 

 than upon the other. The first larval skin is a little 

 darker in color than the rest of the scale ; it is dis- F 'v. *-Priatoria per- 



ffnha'U Coins, a, sralo of 



tinct, and forms a circular shield, placed near the 1 ;. in!l11 ;- 'i>^'--<'<i; b, scale 



ot male, enlarged. (After 



edge and on the side, opposite the point. Beyond comstuok .) 

 and partly underneath the first larval skin may be distinguished the 

 larger but less distinctly visible shield of the second molt. In well de- 

 veloped scales several faintly elevated lines or ridges are marked upon 

 the upper surface, which radiate from the point of beginning of the 

 scale, and are partly obliterated where they are covered by the molted 

 skins. A structure somewhat similar to this of the Chaff Scale is seeu 

 in many sea shells, such as the limpet and the oyster. 



The female scale is light straw color, 1.4 mm to l.ti mm (0 06 inch) long. 



Scale of Male. The male scale is slender and of nearly equal width 

 throughout. The material of which it is composed is very thin and 

 white in color; the larva skin at one end covers about one third of the 

 surface, is darker than the rest of the scale, and has a greenish tinge, 

 or a dark green center. Length, l mm (0.04 inch). 



Female. The female has the form of a thickened disk, nearly circular 

 in outline. The edges of the last four or five joints are serrate, with 

 minute tooth-like lobes aud plates. The color, at first waxy white, 



