INSECTS AFFLCTLNG THE UilAXGE. 



body into three subequnl portions; frequently the longitudinal ridge is 

 more prominent between the transverse ridges than elsewhere, thus 

 forming with them a raised surface of the form of a capital H- Tlio 

 body is slightly margined; outer part of the disk with many (18-30) 

 small ridges which extend from the margin half way up to center of 

 dorsuin. Viewed with the microscope, the ^kiu is seen to be filled with 

 oval or round evils each with a clear nucleus; the average size of the 

 cells being from .05 mm to .00 mm in length, while the nuclei average .02 mm 

 in diameter. The antennae are long and 8 jointed, the two basal joints 

 short; joint 3 longest, joints 4 and o equal and shorter, joints G and 7 

 equal and still shorter, joint 8 with a notched margin and almost as long 

 as joint 3. Legs rather long and stout, the tibiae being about one fifth 

 longer than the, tarsi. The anal ring seems to bear six long hairs. 

 " The Efjcj. Long oval in shape, 0.4 mm in length, yellowish in color. 

 " Newly-hatoked Larvce. There is nothing very characteristic about the 

 young larvae; they are Hat, and their antennae are only G jointed. 



u The black scale is stated by Signoret to be properly in France an 

 olive scale, sometimes, however, becoming so common as to occur 

 on all 'neighboring plants also. In California we find it infesting the 

 greatest variety of plants, and becoming a very serious enemy to orange 

 and other citrus trees. I have found it at Los Angeles on orange and 

 all other citrus plants, on olive, pear, apricot, plum, pomegranate, Ore 

 gon ash, bitter sweet, apple, eucalyptus, sabal palm, California coffee, 

 rose, cape jessamine, Habroth-mus eleyans ; and elsewhere upon an Aus- 

 tralian plant known as Brachaeton, and also upon a heath. It preferably 

 attacks the smaller twigs of these plants, and the young usually settle 

 upon the leaves. 



' The development of this species is very slow ; and it seems probable 

 that there is only one brood in a year. Specimens observed by Mr. 



Alexander Craw at Los An- 

 geles, which hatched in June 

 or July, began to show the 

 characteristic ridges only in 

 November. Mr. Craw has 

 seen the lice, even when quite 

 well grown, move from twigs 

 which had become dry and 

 take up their quarters on fresh 

 ones. 



''Although carefully looked 

 for, the males, like those of so 

 many other lecanides, have 



FIG. 17. Tomoccra cctlifornica, male, (.liter Howard.) uevcr beCll f Oil lid. 



'< A dark brown bark-louse has been sent me from Florida, on live oak, 

 holly, oleamle:-, oiange, and one or two unknown plants, by Dr. II. S. 

 Turner, of Fort George, which appears to be identical with Lecanium 



